{"id":12237,"date":"2022-06-27T16:20:23","date_gmt":"2022-06-27T13:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=12237"},"modified":"2022-09-25T11:23:58","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T08:23:58","slug":"komi-eesti-tahetabel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/komi-eesti-tahetabel\/","title":{"rendered":"Komi-eesti t\u00e4hetabel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Heaks kiitnud Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond 2021. aastal. Tabel sisaldab nii s\u00fcrjakomi kui ka permikomi n\u00e4iteid. Kuigi kummagi kirjakeele \u00f5igekirjareeglites on erinevusi, on t\u00e4hestik m\u00f5lemal sisuliselt sama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4hetabel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e4hed<\/th>Vasted<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0410 \u0430<\/td>= a<\/strong><\/td>\u0410\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043b\u0430 = Ajkat\u00f5la<\/td><\/tr>
\u0411 \u0431<\/td>= b<\/strong><\/td>\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0430\u043a = Bajbak<\/td><\/tr>
\u0412 \u0432<\/td>= v<\/strong><\/td>\u0412\u043e\u0439\u0432\u044b\u043b = Vojv\u00f5l<\/td><\/tr>
\u0413 \u0433<\/td>= g<\/strong><\/td>\u0413\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b = G\u00f5rkat\u00f5<\/td><\/tr>
\u0414 \u0434<\/td>= d<\/strong><\/td>\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 = Davda, \u0418\u0434\u043c\u044b\u0441 = Idm\u00f5s<\/td><\/tr>
\u2013 \u0434\u0436<\/td>= d\u017e<\/strong><\/td>\u042b\u0434\u0436\u044b\u0442 \u0421\u0435\u0440 = \u00d5d\u017e\u00f5t Ser, \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0436\u04e7\u0432 = Vid\u017e\u00f6v<\/td><\/tr>
\u2013 \u0434\u0437<\/td>= dzj<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)1<\/sup><\/td>\u0414\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0433 = Dzjodzjogkulig<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>= d\u017e<\/strong> (s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus, samuti kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku ees)1<\/sup><\/td>\u041a\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0437 = Kanvid\u017e<\/td><\/tr>
\u0415 \u0435<\/td>= e<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>\u041f\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u044b\u0431 = Pekla\u00f5b<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>= je<\/strong> (s\u00f5na alguses, samuti t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku, \u0439, \u044a ja \u044c j\u00e4rel)<\/td>\u0415\u043c\u0434\u0456\u043d = Jemdin, \u0410\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0438 = Agejevt\u0161i<\/td><\/tr>
\u0401 \u0451<\/td>= jo<\/strong><\/td>\u041e\u0442\u0451\u0432 = Otjov<\/td><\/tr>
\u0416 \u0436<\/td>= \u017e<\/strong><\/td>\u0416\u0435\u0431\u0448\u043e\u0440 = \u017deb\u0161or<\/td><\/tr>
\u0417 \u0437<\/td>= z<\/strong><\/td>\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0433\u0430\u043d = Zabgan<\/td><\/tr>
\u0418 \u0438<\/td>= i<\/strong><\/td>\u0418\u0437\u044c\u0432\u0430 = Izva<\/td><\/tr>
\u0406 \u0456<\/td>= i<\/strong><\/td>\u041a\u0443\u043b\u04e7\u043c\u0434\u0456\u043d = Kul\u00f6mdin<\/td><\/tr>
\u0419 \u0439<\/td>= j<\/strong><\/td>\u0419\u04e7\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0440 = J\u00f6rdor, \u041a\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443\u043a = Kajduk<\/td><\/tr>
\u041a \u043a<\/td>= k<\/strong><\/td>\u041a\u04e7\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0440\u04e7\u0441 = K\u00f6rtker\u00f6s<\/td><\/tr>
\u041b \u043b<\/td>= l<\/strong><\/td>\u041b\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c = Lol\u00f5m<\/td><\/tr>
\u041c \u043c<\/td>= m<\/strong><\/td>\u041c\u04e7\u0441\u0432\u04e7\u0439\u04e7\u043c = M\u00f6sv\u00f6j\u00f6m<\/td><\/tr>
\u041d \u043d<\/td>= n<\/strong><\/td>\u041d\u0438\u0434\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0438\u043d = Nidzjuvain<\/td><\/tr>
\u041e \u043e<\/td>= o<\/strong><\/td>\u041e\u0439\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0443\u043c = Ojpo\u017eum<\/td><\/tr>
\u04e6 \u04e7<\/td>= \u00f6<\/strong><\/td>\u04e6\u043b\u044c\u04e7\u043a = \u00d6lj\u00f6k<\/td><\/tr>
\u041f \u043f<\/td>= p<\/strong><\/td>\u041f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0440 = Pel\u0161or, \u041f\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0438 = Puksipi<\/td><\/tr>
\u0420 \u0440<\/td>= r<\/strong><\/td>\u0420\u0443\u0447\u043f\u043e\u0436 = Rut\u0161po\u017e<\/td><\/tr>
\u0421 \u0441<\/td>= s<\/strong><\/td>\u0421\u0456\u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044c = Sispin, \u041d\u0435\u0441\u04e7\u043b\u044c = Nes\u00f6l<\/td><\/tr>
\u0422 \u0442<\/td>= t<\/strong><\/td>\u0422\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044f = Tetlja<\/td><\/tr>
\u2013 \u0442\u0448<\/td>= t\u0161<\/strong><\/td>\u0422\u0448\u0430\u043a\u044b\u043b\u0451\u0432\u0447\u0438 = T\u0161ak\u00f5ljovt\u0161i<\/td><\/tr>
\u0423 \u0443<\/td>= u<\/strong><\/td>\u0423\u043a\u0432\u0430 = Ukva, \u0422\u0443\u0440\u044b\u0431 = Tur\u00f5b<\/td><\/tr>
\u0424 \u0444<\/td>= f<\/strong><\/td>(esineb ainult laens\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0425 \u0445<\/td>= h<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>(esineb ainult laens\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>= hh<\/strong> (t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel ja s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku j\u00e4rel)<\/td>(esineb ainult laens\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0426 \u0446<\/td>= ts<\/strong><\/td>(esineb ainult laens\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0427 \u0447<\/td>= t\u0161<\/strong><\/td>\u0427\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0434\u0456\u043d = T\u0161ilimdin, \u0427\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 = T\u0161ut\u0161kalog<\/td><\/tr>
\u0428 \u0448<\/td>= \u0161<\/strong><\/td>\u0428\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0440 = \u0160ovda\u0161or<\/td><\/tr>
\u0429 \u0449<\/td>= \u0161t\u0161<\/strong><\/td>(esineb ainult laens\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr>
\u042a \u044a<\/td>j\u00e4\u00e4b m\u00e4rkimata<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044a\u044e\u0440 = Ponjur<\/td><\/tr>
\u042b \u044b<\/td>= \u00f5<\/strong><\/td>\u042b\u043a = \u00d5k, \u041a\u044b\u0432\u0442\u044b\u0442 = K\u00f5vt\u00f5t<\/td><\/tr>
\u042c \u044c<\/td>j\u00e4\u00e4b m\u00e4rkimata (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>\u0421\u044e\u0437\u044c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u044a\u044f = Sjuzpozja<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>= j<\/strong> (t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku \/v.a \u0435, \u0451, \u044e, \u044f\/ ees)<\/td>\u0421\u044c\u04e7\u0432\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0440 = Sj\u00f6va\u0161or, \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u04e7\u0432 = Maskalj\u00f6v<\/td><\/tr>
\u042d \u044d<\/td>= e<\/strong><\/td>\u042d\u0436\u0432\u0430 = E\u017eva<\/td><\/tr>
\u042e \u044e<\/td>= ju<\/strong><\/td>\u042e\u043a\u0441\u044c\u04e7\u0432 = Juksj\u00f6v, \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043c\u044b\u0441 = Kljut\u0161m\u00f5s<\/td><\/tr>
\u042f \u044f<\/td>= ja<\/strong><\/td>\u042f\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439\u04e7\u0440 = Jarkoj\u00f6r, \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044a\u044f\u0433 = Karinjag<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Komi-eesti t\u00e4hetabel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
  1. H\u00e4\u00e4liku topeldamist n\u00e4itab \u00fchend \u0434\u0437\u0437, seda transkribeeritakse vastavalt positsioonile ddzj<\/strong> v\u00f5i dd\u017e<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Otsus on avaldatud Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkonna lehel<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Peenendus komi kirjaviisis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Peenendust ehk palatalisatsiooni m\u00e4rgitakse komi keeles \u00fcsna sarnaselt udmurdi keelega<\/a>. Niisamuti jagunevad kaash\u00e4\u00e4likud peenendumatuteks (b, g, k, m, p, r, \u0161, v, \u017e<\/em>) ja peenenduvateks (d, d\u017e, l, n, s, t, t\u0161, z<\/em>). Kahte h\u00e4\u00e4likupaari m\u00e4rgitakse eraldi viisil: peenendamata d\u017e<\/em> on \u0434\u0436<\/strong>, t\u0161<\/em> on \u0442\u0448<\/strong>, peenendatud d\u017e<\/em> on \u0434\u0437<\/strong>, t\u0161<\/em> on \u0447<\/strong> (vrd udmurdi keeles vastavalt \u04dd, \u04f5, \u04df ja \u0447). T\u00e4ht \u0438<\/strong> peenendab eelnevat kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut (\u043b\u0438, \u0442\u0438), t\u00e4ht \u0456<\/strong> mitte (\u043b\u0456, \u0442\u0456).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kui peenendamata h\u00e4\u00e4lik satub j<\/em>-ga algava silbi ette, mida m\u00e4rgitakse t\u00e4htedega \u0435, \u0451, \u044e, \u044f, pannakse vahele k\u00f5vendusm\u00e4rk \u044a, nt \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044a\u044f\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0434\u044a\u044f\u0441. Permikomi keeles on eraldusm\u00e4rk peenendumatute puhul \u044c, nt \u0431\u044b\u0433\u044c\u044f (peenenduvate puhul siiski \u044a, nt \u0438\u0437\u044a\u044f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Varasemad kirjaviisid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Praegune komi t\u00e4hestik kehtib 1938. aastast. Varem, aastatel 1918\u20131930 ja 1936\u20131938, kehtis Molodtsovi t\u00e4hestik<\/strong>, milles oli mitmeid lisat\u00e4hti: \u0410 \u0430, \u0411 \u0431, \u0412 \u0432, \u0413 \u0433, \u0500 \u0501, \u0502 \u0503, \u0415 \u0435, \u0416 \u0436, \u0496 \u0497, \u0417 \u0437, \u0504 \u0505, \u0506 \u0507, \u0406 \u0456, \u0408 \u0458, \u041a \u043a, \u041b \u043b, \u0508 \u0509, \u041c \u043c, \u041d \u043d, \u050a \u050b, \u041e \u043e, \u04e6 \u04e7, \u041f \u043f, \u0420 \u0440, \u0421 \u0441, \u050c \u050d, \u0422 \u0442, \u050e \u050f, \u0423 \u0443, \u0427 \u0447, \u0428 \u0448, \u0429 \u0449, \u042b \u044b. Seejuures vastavad Molodtsovi t\u00e4hestiku t\u00e4hed n\u00fc\u00fcdiskirjaviisi t\u00e4htedele j\u00e4rgmiselt: \u0501 = \u0434, \u0503 = \u0434\u044c, \u0497 = \u0434\u0436, \u0505 = \u0437\u044c, \u0507 = \u0434\u0437, \u0456 = \u0438, \u0458 = \u0439, \u0509 = \u043b\u044c, \u050b = \u043d\u044c, \u050d = \u0441\u044c, \u050f = \u0442\u044c, \u0449 = \u0442\u0448.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aastatel 1930\u20131936 kasutas komi keel ladina t\u00e4hestikku<\/strong>: A a, B \u0299, C c, \u00c7 \u00e7, \ua792 \ua793, D d, \u1e10 \u1e11, E e, \u018f \u0259, F f, G g, I i, J j, K k, L l, \u013b \u013c, M m, N n, \u0145 \u0146, O o, P p, R r, S s, \u015e \u015f, \ua7a8 \ua7a9, T t, \u0162 \u0163, U u, V v, X x, Z z, \u2c6b \u2c6c, \u01b5 \u01b6, \u0417 \u0437, \u01b7 \u0292, \u042c \u044c. Vastavused eesti transkriptsiooni vastete ja praeguse k\u00fcrillilise kirjaviisi t\u00e4htedega on j\u00e4rgmised: c = ts (\u0446), \u00e7 = t\u0161 (\u0447), \ua793 = t\u0161 (\u0442\u0448), \u1e11 = dj (\u0434\u044c), \u0259 = \u00f6 (\u04e7), \u013c = lj (\u043b\u044c), \u0146 = nj (\u043d\u044c), \u015f = sj (\u0441\u044c), \ua7a9 = \u0161 (\u0448), \u0163 = tj (\u0442\u044c), x = h(h) (\u0445), \u2c6c = zj (\u0437\u044c), \u01b6 = \u017e (\u0436), \u0437 = d\u017e (\u0434\u0436), \u0292 = dzj (\u0434\u0437), \u044c = \u00f5 (\u044b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Komi keele vanimad m\u00e4lestised on kirja pandud vanapermi kirjas<\/strong> 14.\u201317. sajandil. Selle l\u00f5i 1372. a misjon\u00e4r Permi Stefan k\u00fcrillilise ja kreeka t\u00e4hestiku alusel, lisades motiive komi perem\u00e4rkidest. T\u00e4hestikus oli algselt 24 t\u00e4hte, millele hiljem lisandus 10 t\u00e4hte, peamiselt k\u00fcrilliliste t\u00e4htede edasiandmiseks. S\u00e4ilinud tekste pole palju ja kirjaviisi \u00fcksikasjades pole t\u00e4it selgust. T\u00e4hestik on j\u00e4rgmine[1]<\/sup> (lisatud on eesti transkriptsiooni vaste ja kaldkriipsu j\u00e4rel v\u00f5imalik transliteratsioonivaste): \ud800\udf50 = a, \ud800\udf51 = b, \ud800\udf52 = g, \ud800\udf53 = d, \ud800\udf54 = e, \ud800\udf55 = \u017e, \ud800\udf56 = d\u017e (\u0434\u0436), \ud800\udf57 = z, \ud800\udf58 = dzj (\u0434\u0437), \ud800\udf59 = i, \ud800\udf5a = k, \ud800\udf5b = l, \ud800\udf5c = m, \ud800\udf5d = n, \ud800\udf5e = o, \ud800\udf5f = p, \ud800\udf60 = r, \ud800\udf61 = s, \ud800\udf62 = t, \ud800\udf63 = u, \ud800\udf64 = t\u0161 (\u0447, \u0442\u0448) \/ \u010d, \ud800\udf65 = \u0161, \ud800\udf66 = \u0161t\u0161 \/ \u0161\u010d, \ud800\udf67 = \u00f5 \/ y, \ud800\udf68 = \u00f5 \/ \u0177, \ud800\udf69 = o ~ \u00f6 \/ \u00f4, \ud800\udf6a = o \/ \u014d, \ud800\udf6b = f, \ud800\udf6c = h, \ud800\udf6d = ts (\u0446) \/ c, \ud800\udf6e = v, \ud800\udf6f = k\u00f5vendusm\u00e4rk (\u044a) \/ “, \ud800\udf70 = peenendusm\u00e4rk (\u044c) \/ \u2019, \ud800\udf71 = e \/ \u011b, \ud800\udf72 = ie, \ud800\udf73 = ju, \ud800\udf74 = ja, \ud800\udf75 = ia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00f5rdluseks m\u00f5ned nimed eri kirjaviisides (vanapermi kirjaviisi n\u00e4ited on v\u00e4ga tinglikud, sest niimoodi peenendust vanades tekstides ei m\u00e4rgitud).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Komi<\/th>Molodtsov<\/th>Ladina<\/th>Vanapermi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u0410\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0447\u043e\u0439<\/td>\u0410\u0431\u0458\u0430\u0447\u043e\u0458<\/td>A\u0299ja\u00e7oj<\/td>\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf51\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf64\ud800\udf5e\ud800\udf59<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0410\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043b\u0430<\/td>\u0410\u0458\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043b\u0430<\/td>Ajkat\u044cla<\/td>\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf5a\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf62\ud800\udf67\ud800\udf5b\ud800\udf50<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043d<\/td>\u0412\u0456\u0505\u0456\u043d<\/td>Vi\u2c6cin<\/td>\ud800\udf6e\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf57\ud800\udf70\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf5d<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0412\u044b\u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0442<\/td>\u0412\u044b\u0509\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0442<\/td>V\u044c\u013cgort<\/td>\ud800\udf6e\ud800\udf67\ud800\udf5b\ud800\udf70\ud800\udf52\ud800\udf5e\ud800\udf60\ud800\udf62<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0414\u0436\u0438\u044f\u043d<\/td>\u0496\u0456\u0458\u0430\u043d<\/td>\u0417ijan<\/td>\ud800\udf56\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf5d<\/td><\/tr>
    \u041a\u04e7\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0440\u04e7\u0441<\/td>\u041a\u04e7\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0435\u0440\u04e7\u0441<\/td>K\u0259rtker\u0259s<\/td>\ud800\udf5a\ud800\udf69\ud800\udf60\ud800\udf62\ud800\udf5a\ud800\udf54\ud800\udf60\ud800\udf69\ud800\udf61<\/td><\/tr>
    \u041a\u044b\u0442\u0448\u044b\u043b\u044c\u0438\u0437<\/td>\u041a\u044b\u0449\u044b\u0509\u0456\u0437<\/td>K\u044c\ua793\u044c\u013ciz<\/td>\ud800\udf5a\ud800\udf67\ud800\udf64\ud800\udf67\ud800\udf5b\ud800\udf70\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf57<\/td><\/tr>
    \u041c\u044b\u043b\u0434\u0456\u043d<\/td>\u041c\u044b\u043b\u0501\u0456\u043d<\/td>M\u044cldin<\/td>\ud800\udf5c\ud800\udf67\ud800\udf5b\ud800\udf53\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf5d<\/td><\/tr>
    \u041d\u044f\u0437\u044c\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/td>\u050a\u0430\u0505\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/td>\u0145a\u2c6cpogost<\/td>\ud800\udf5d\ud800\udf70\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf57\ud800\udf70\ud800\udf5f\ud800\udf5e\ud800\udf52\ud800\udf5e\ud800\udf61\ud800\udf62<\/td><\/tr>
    \u041f\u0438\u0434\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043d<\/td>\u041f\u0456\u0507\u0501\u0456\u043d<\/td>Pi\u0292din<\/td>\ud800\udf5f\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf58\ud800\udf53\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf5d<\/td><\/tr>
    \u041f\u043e\u0436\u04e7\u0433\u044a\u044e<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0436\u04e7\u0433\u0458\u0443<\/td>Po\u01b6\u0259gju<\/td>\ud800\udf5f\ud800\udf5e\ud800\udf55\ud800\udf69\ud800\udf52\ud800\udf59\ud800\udf63<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0421\u044b\u043a\u0442\u044b\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0440<\/td>\u0421\u044b\u043a\u0442\u044b\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0440<\/td>S\u044ckt\u044cvkar<\/td>\ud800\udf61\ud800\udf67\ud800\udf5a\ud800\udf62\ud800\udf67\ud800\udf6e\ud800\udf5a\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf60<\/td><\/tr>
    \u042d\u0436\u0432\u0430<\/td>\u0415\u0436\u0432\u0430<\/td>E\u01b6va<\/td>\ud800\udf54\ud800\udf55\ud800\udf6e\ud800\udf50<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
    Komi nimed eri kirjaviisides<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Vt ka<\/h4>\n\n\n\n