{"id":12747,"date":"2022-08-18T17:19:30","date_gmt":"2022-08-18T14:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=12747"},"modified":"2025-08-26T11:42:00","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T08:42:00","slug":"kesk-ja-ulivorde-moodustamise-reeglid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/kesk-ja-ulivorde-moodustamise-reeglid\/","title":{"rendered":"Kesk- ja \u00fcliv\u00f5rde moodustamise reeglid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Omaduss\u00f5nadel (nt ilus<\/em>) on olemas keskv\u00f5rre (ilusam<\/em>) ja \u00fcliv\u00f5rre (k\u00f5ige ilusam<\/em> ehk ilusaim<\/em>). Siin on antud nende moodustamise reeglid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keskv\u00f5rre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Keskv\u00f5rde vorm moodustatakse k\u00f5ige tavalisemalt omastava k\u00e4\u00e4nde kuju p\u00f5hjal, millele lisandub \u2011m<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

\r\n

Keskv\u00f5rde \u00fcldreegel<\/strong>: omastava k\u00e4\u00e4nde kuju + –m<\/em>, nt ilusam, soolasem, \u00f5nnelikum<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

Umbes 70 s\u00f5na korral, mille omastava l\u00f5pus on \u2011a<\/em> v\u00f5i \u2011u<\/em>, muutub see keskv\u00f5rde vormis e<\/em>-ks:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

\r\n

Keskv\u00f5rde erireegel<\/strong> (kehtib osaliselt): kui omastava k\u00e4\u00e4nde kuju l\u00f5pp on –a<\/em> v\u00f5i –u<\/em>, siis v\u00f5ib keskv\u00f5rde l\u00f5pp olla –em<\/em>, nt pikk<\/em> (pika<\/em>) \u2192 pikem<\/em><\/strong>, paks<\/em> (paksu<\/em>) \u2192 paksem<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

Need omaduss\u00f5nad kuuluvad k\u00e4\u00e4ndt\u00fc\u00fcpidesse, mille t\u00fc\u00fcps\u00f5nad on siil<\/em> (nt arg \u2192 arem<\/code>, halb \u2192 halvem<\/code>, harv \u2192 harvem<\/code>, hell \u2192 hellem<\/code>, hull \u2192 hullem<\/code>, julm \u2192 julmem<\/code>, j\u00e4ik \u2192 j\u00e4igem<\/code>, kehv \u2192 kehvem<\/code>, kuiv \u2192 kuivem<\/code>, kurb \u2192 kurvem<\/code>, kuum \u2192 kuumem<\/code>, k\u00f5hn \u2192 k\u00f5hnem<\/code>, k\u00fclm \u2192 k\u00fclmem<\/code>, laisk \u2192 laisem<\/code>, must \u2192 mustem<\/code>, m\u00e4rg \u2192 m\u00e4rjem<\/code>, n\u00f5rk \u2192 n\u00f5rgem<\/code>, r\u00e4nk \u2192 r\u00e4ngem<\/code>, tark \u2192 targem<\/code>, tuim \u2192 tuimem<\/code>, virk \u2192 virgem<\/code>, \u00f5rn \u2192 \u00f5rnem<\/code>), sai<\/em> (nt lai \u2192 laiem<\/code>), nali<\/em> (nt kuri \u2192 kurjem<\/code>, soe \u2192 soojem<\/code>, t\u00fchi \u2192 t\u00fchjem<\/code>, vali \u2192 valjem<\/code>) ja s\u00f5ber<\/em> (nt n\u00f5der \u2192 n\u00f5drem<\/code>). \u00dcksikud s\u00f5nad kuuluvad ka t\u00fc\u00fcpidesse pesa<\/em> (paha \u2192 pahem<\/code>, vana \u2192 vanem<\/code>) ja ratsu<\/em> (lahja \u2192 lahjem<\/code>). Kahtemoodi moodustatakse keskv\u00f5rre nt s\u00f5nadest j\u00e4rsk \u2192 j\u00e4rsem ~ j\u00e4rsum<\/code>, loid \u2192 loiem ~ loium<\/code> ja ropp \u2192 ropem ~ ropum<\/code>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

On ka s\u00f5nu, mille keskv\u00f5rde t\u00fcvi v\u00f5i t\u00fcvevariant on teistsugune, ent siiski em<\/em>-l\u00f5puga: hea \u2192 parem<\/code>, l\u00fchike \u2192 l\u00fchem<\/code>, pisike \u2192 pisem<\/code>, \u00f5huke \u2192 \u00f5hem<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcliv\u00f5rre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcliv\u00f5rre esineb kahel kujul: pikana ehk kahes\u00f5nalisena ehk liit\u00fcliv\u00f5rdena (k\u00f5ige ilusam<\/em>) ja l\u00fchikesena ehk \u00fches\u00f5nalisena ehk liht\u00fcliv\u00f5rdena (ilusaim<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pikk \u00fcliv\u00f5rre on moodustatav k\u00f5igist s\u00f5nadest:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

\r\n

Pika \u00fcliv\u00f5rde reegel<\/strong>: k\u00f5ige<\/em> + keskv\u00f5rde vorm, nt k\u00f5ige ilusam<\/em>, k\u00f5ige vapram<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

L\u00fchike \u00fcliv\u00f5rre on moodustatav eesk\u00e4tt nendest s\u00f5nadest, milles on olemas i<\/em>-mitmus. K\u00f5ige lihtsam on aluseks v\u00f5tta mitmuse osastava k\u00e4\u00e4nde kuju, lahutada l\u00f5pu \u2011d<\/em>, kui see peaks olema, ning liita l\u00f5pp \u2011m<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

\r\n

L\u00fchikese \u00fcliv\u00f5rde \u00fcldreegel<\/strong>: mitmuse osastava kuju (ilma d<\/em>-ta) + –m<\/em>, nt ilus<\/em> (ilusai\/d<\/em>) \u2192 ilusaim<\/strong><\/em>, \u00f5nnelik<\/em> (\u00f5nnelikke<\/em>) \u2192 \u00f5nnelikem<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

Astmevahelduslike s\u00f5nade puhul saab l\u00e4htuda p\u00f5him\u00f5ttest, et \u00fcliv\u00f5rde n\u00f5rk v\u00f5i tugev aste on sama mis omaduss\u00f5na omastaval k\u00e4\u00e4ndel, nt \u00f5nnelik<\/em> (\u00f5nneliku<\/em>) \u2192 \u00f5nnelikem<\/em>, harras<\/em> (harda<\/em>) \u2192 hardaim<\/em>. M\u00f5nev\u00f5rra erandlik on uusim<\/em> \u2013 laadivahelduse m\u00f5ttes tugev aste, ent II v\u00e4ltes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fchikese \u00fcliv\u00f5rde moodustamise n\u00e4iteid: hale \u2192 haledaim<\/code>, j\u00f5uline \u2192 j\u00f5ulisim ~ j\u00f5uliseim<\/code>, kiire \u2192 kiireim<\/code>, madal \u2192 madalaim<\/code>, oluline \u2192 olulisim<\/code>, p\u00fcha \u2192 p\u00fchim<\/code>, soolane \u2192 soolaseim<\/code>, suur \u2192 suurim<\/code>, toores \u2192 tooreim<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nende 70 s\u00f5na puhul, milles a<\/em>\u2011 ja u<\/em>-l\u00f5pulised s\u00f5nad said keskv\u00f5rde l\u00f5puks \u2011em<\/em>, on \u00fcliv\u00f5rde l\u00f5pus alati \u2011im<\/em>, s\u00f5ltumata mitmuse osastava l\u00f5pust:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

\r\n

L\u00fchikese \u00fcliv\u00f5rde erireegel<\/strong> (kehtib osaliselt): kui keskv\u00f5rre on erireegli alusel moodustatud em<\/em>-l\u00f5pu abil, siis on \u00fcliv\u00f5rde l\u00f5pp –im<\/em>, nt tark<\/em> (targa<\/em>, targem<\/em>) \u2192 targim<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

Siia hulka kuuluvad ka eri t\u00fcvedest v\u00f5i t\u00fcvevariantidest moodustatud v\u00f5rdevormid: hea<\/code> (parem) \u2192 parim<\/code>, l\u00fchike<\/code> (l\u00fchem) \u2192 l\u00fchim<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fchikese \u00fcliv\u00f5rde vorme ei moodustata s\u00f5nadest<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • mille mitmuse osastavas on \u00fcksnes sid<\/em>-l\u00f5pp: hapu<\/code> (hapusid), roosa<\/code> (roosasid);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • mille mitmuse osastava l\u00f5pus on –e<\/em> v\u00f5i –u<\/em> (v.a erireegli alusel moodustatud vormid): morn<\/code> (morne), vaba<\/code> (vabu);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • mille puhul tekiks j\u00e4rjend –ii<\/em>– v\u00f5i –ji<\/em>-: lai<\/code> (laia, laiem), m\u00e4rg<\/code> (m\u00e4rja, m\u00e4rjem).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00dclevaade kesk- ja \u00fcliv\u00f5rde moodustamise reeglitest.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":25218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[998],"tags":[1288,1289,616,1275,1577],"class_list":["post-12747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sonamoodustus","tag-algvorre","tag-keskvorre","tag-norming","tag-ulivorre","tag-vorded"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12747"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23862,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12747\/revisions\/23862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}