{"id":15450,"date":"2023-07-03T02:31:23","date_gmt":"2023-07-02T23:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=15450"},"modified":"2023-07-05T20:19:01","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T17:19:01","slug":"heebrea-ladina-tahetabel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/heebrea-ladina-tahetabel\/","title":{"rendered":"Heebrea-ladina t\u00e4hetabel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dcRO kohanimekorralduskonverentsil 2007. a heaks kiidetud tabel, mis on parandatud versioon 1977. a heaks kiidetud tabelist. Eestis kasutamiseks soovitanud Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond 1996. a, ent sobib eesk\u00e4tt Iisraeli n\u00fc\u00fcdiskohanimede edasiandmiseks. Faktiliselt on Iisraelis r\u00f6\u00f6pselt kasutusel ka 2007. a eelne latinisatsioon, mist\u00f5ttu need vasted on lisatud sulgudes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heebrea kirja kirjutatakse paremalt vasakule. Kirja p\u00f5hit\u00e4hed m\u00e4rgivad kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuid, teatud juhtudel ka t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid. Viimaseid m\u00e4rgitakse \u00fcldiselt t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likum\u00e4rkidega, igap\u00e4evakirjas neid ei kasutata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4hed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heebrea kirjas on osal t\u00e4htedest l\u00f5ppvormid, mida kasutatakse s\u00f5na l\u00f5pul. Punkt t\u00e4he sees (\u05d3\u05bc\u05b8\u05d2\u05b5\u05e9\u05c1 <em>dagesh<\/em>, dage\u0161) t\u00e4idab kahte \u00fclesannet: \u05d3\u05bc\u05b8\u05d2\u05b5\u05e9\u05c1 \u05d7\u05b8\u05d6\u05b8\u05e7 <em>dagesh \u1e96azak<\/em> (dage\u0161 forte) topeldab kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku h\u00e4\u00e4ldust (nt <em>m<\/em> \u2192 <em>mm<\/em>), \u05d3\u05bc\u05b8\u05d2\u05b5\u05e9\u05c1 \u05e7\u05b7\u05dc <em>dagesh kal<\/em> (dage\u0161 lene) aga muudab kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku h\u00e4\u00e4ldust (nt <em>b<\/em> \u2192 <em>v<\/em>; osal juhtudest on h\u00e4\u00e4ldusvahe t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval kaduma l\u00e4inud). Tabelis on taandega esitatud \u00fcksnes need <em>dagesh kal<\/em>&#8217;i juhud, kus muutub h\u00e4\u00e4ldus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4ht<\/th><th>L\u00f5ppvorm<\/th><th>Nimetus<\/th><th>Vasted<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u05d0<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d0\u05b8\u05dc\u05b6\u05e3 <em>alef<\/em><\/td><td><code>'<\/code> (\u00fcksnes s\u00f5na sees)<\/td><td>\u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05e8-\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05d5\u05b7\u05e2 = Be&#8217;\u00e9r-Sheva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d1<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d1\u05b5\u05d9\u05ea <em>vet<\/em><\/td><td>v<\/td><td>\u05ea\u05bc\u05b5\u05dc-\u05d0\u05b8\u05d1\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1 = Tel Aviv<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2013 \u05d1\u05bc<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>b<\/td><td>\u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e2\u05b8\u05dc\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea = Be&#8217;alot<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d2<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d2\u05b4\u05de\u05bc\u05b6\u05dc <em>gimmel<\/em><\/td><td>g<\/td><td>\u05d2\u05bc\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05e8 = Grar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d3<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d3\u05bc\u05b8\u05dc\u05b6\u05ea <em>dalet<\/em><\/td><td>d<\/td><td>\u05d3\u05bc\u05b4\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4 = Dimona<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d4<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d4\u05b5\u05d0 <em>he<\/em><\/td><td>h<\/td><td>\u05d4\u05b7\u05e8\u05de\u05b0\u05d2\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9 = Har Megido<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>(j\u00e4\u00e4b  m\u00e4rkimata s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus)<\/td><td>\u05de\u05b0\u05e6\u05b8\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4 = Metsada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d5<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d5\u05b8\u05d5 <em>vav<\/em><\/td><td>v (w)<\/td><td>\u05e4\u05bc\u05b6\u05ea\u05b7\u05d7-\u05ea\u05bc\u05b4\u05e7\u05b0\u05d5\u05b8\u05d4 = Peta\u1e96-Tikva<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d6<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d6\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05e0 <em>zayin<\/em><\/td><td>z<\/td><td>\u05d9\u05b4\u05d6\u05b0\u05e8\u05b0\u05e2\u05b6\u05d0\u05dc = Yizre&#8217;\u00e9l<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d7<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b5\u05d9\u05ea <em>\u1e96et<\/em><\/td><td>\u1e96<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b8\u05e6\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 = H\u0331atsor<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d8<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d8\u05b5\u05d9\u05ea <em>tet<\/em><\/td><td>t<\/td><td>\u05d0\u05b5\u05d9\u05dc\u05d5\u05b9\u05d8 = Elot<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d9<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05d9\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3 <em>yod<\/em><\/td><td>y<\/td><td>\u05e0\u05b7\u05d4\u05b2\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05bc\u05b8\u05d4 = Nahariyya<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05db<\/td><td>\u05da \u05da\u05b0<\/td><td>\u05db\u05b7\u05e4 <em>khaf<\/em><\/td><td>kh<\/td><td>\u05d0\u05b7\u05db\u05b0\u05d6\u05b4\u05d9\u05d1 = Akhziv<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2013 \u05db\u05bc<\/td><td>\u05da\u05bc<\/td><td><\/td><td>k<\/td><td>\u05e2\u05b7\u05db\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9 = Akko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05dc<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05dc\u05b8\u05de\u05b6\u05d3 <em>lamed<\/em><\/td><td>l<\/td><td>\u05dc\u05b8\u05db\u05b4\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 = Lakhish<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05de<\/td><td>\u05dd<\/td><td>\u05de\u05b5\u05dd <em>mem<\/em><\/td><td>m<\/td><td>\u05d0\u05b2\u05de\u05b8\u05dd = Amam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e0<\/td><td>\u05df<\/td><td>\u05e0\u05d5\u05bc\u05df <em>nun<\/em><\/td><td>n<\/td><td>\u05e0\u05b8\u05e6\u05b0\u05e8\u05b7\u05ea = Natsrat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e1<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05e1\u05b8\u05de\u05b6\u05da\u05b0 <em>samekh<\/em><\/td><td>s<\/td><td>\u05e1\u05b0\u05d3\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd = Sdom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e2<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05e2\u05b7\u05d9\u05b4\u05e0 <em>ayin<\/em><\/td><td><code>'<\/code> (\u00fcksnes s\u00f5na sees)<\/td><td>\u05e2\u05b2\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05e2\u05b5\u05e8 = Aro&#8217;er<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e4<\/td><td>\u05e3<\/td><td>\u05e4\u05b5\u05d0 <em>fe<\/em><\/td><td>f<\/td><td>\u05db\u05bc\u05b0\u05e4\u05b7\u05e8-\u05e0\u05b7\u05d7\u05d5\u05bc\u05dd = Kfar-Na\u1e96um<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2013 \u05e4\u05bc<\/td><td>\u05e3\u05bc<\/td><td><\/td><td>p<\/td><td>\u05e4\u05bc\u05b8\u05d0\u05e8\u05b8\u05df = Paran<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e6<\/td><td>\u05e5<\/td><td>\u05e6\u05b8\u05d3\u05b5\u05d9 <em>tsade<\/em><\/td><td>ts (\u1e95)<\/td><td>\u05de\u05b4\u05e6\u05b0\u05e4\u05bc\u05b6\u05d4 = Mitspe<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e7<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05e7\u05d5\u05b9\u05e3 <em>kof<\/em><\/td><td>k (q)<\/td><td>\u05e7\u05b4\u05e8\u05b0\u05d9\u05b7\u05ea-\u05e2\u05b6\u05e7\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df = Kiryat-Ekron<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e8<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9\u05e9\u05c1 <em>resh<\/em><\/td><td>r<\/td><td>\u05e8\u05b7\u05de\u05b0\u05dc\u05b8\u05d4 = Ramla<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05e9\u05c1<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05e9\u05c1\u05b4\u05d9\u05df <em>shin<\/em><\/td><td>sh<\/td><td>\u05d1\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9\u05ea-\u05e9\u05c1\u05b6\u05de\u05b6\u05e9\u05c1 = Bet-Shemesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2013 \u05e9\u05c2<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>s<\/td><td>\u05e9\u05c2\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8 = Snir<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05ea<\/td><td><\/td><td>\u05ea\u05b8\u05d5 <em>tav<\/em><\/td><td>t<\/td><td>\u05ea\u05bc\u05b4\u05de\u05b0\u05e0\u05b8\u05d4 = Timna<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Heebrea kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4hed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e4rkus 1. <em>Dagesh kal<\/em> v\u00f5ib esineda j\u00e4rgmistel t\u00e4htedel: \u05d1\u05bc (<em>b\/v<\/em>), \u05d2\u05bc (<em>g<\/em>), \u05d3\u05bc (<em>d<\/em>), \u05db\u05bc (<em>k\/kh<\/em>), \u05e4\u05bc (<em>p\/f<\/em>), \u05ea\u05bc (<em>t<\/em>). Kolmel juhul muutub h\u00e4\u00e4ldus, \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nute puhul latinisatsioonis vahet ei tehta. S\u00f5na alguses, samuti h\u00e4\u00e4ldumatu \u0161vaa j\u00e4rel on need t\u00e4hed <em>dagesh<\/em>&#8217;iga, seega ei saa nt nime alguses olla \u05d1 (v), \u05db (kh), \u05e4 (f). <em>Dagesh \u1e96azak<\/em>&#8217;i puhul kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik topeldub (<em>ll, mm, nn, ss, yy, zz<\/em> jt), v.a <em>sh<\/em> ja <em>ts<\/em>. T\u00e4htedel \u05d0 (<em>alef<\/em>), \u05e2 (<em>ayin<\/em>), \u05d4 (<em>h<\/em>), \u05d7 (<em>\u1e96<\/em>) ja \u05e8 (<em>r<\/em>) <em>dagesh<\/em>&#8217;it tavaliselt ei kasutata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e4rkus 2. 1977. a eelses latinisatsioonis tehti vahet <em>alef<\/em>&#8217;i ja <em>ayin<\/em>&#8217;i vahel. Esimest m\u00e4rgiti 9-kujulise \u00fclakomaga (\u2019), v.a s\u00f5na algul, nt \u05d0\u05b7\u05e8\u05b0\u05d1\u05bc\u05b5\u05dc = <code>Arbel<\/code>, \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9 = <code>Be\u2019eri<\/code>. Teist m\u00e4rgiti 6-kujulise \u00fclakomaga (\u2018), nt \u05e2\u05b6\u05d1\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05df = <code>\u2018Evron<\/code>, \u05de\u05b8\u05e2\u05d5\u05b9\u05df = <code>Ma\u2018on<\/code>. Uuendatud s\u00fcsteemis t\u00e4histab m\u00f5lemaid sirge (lihtne) \u00fclakoma, ent s\u00f5na alguses v\u00f5i l\u00f5pus j\u00e4\u00e4vad need t\u00e4hed m\u00e4rkimata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e4rkus 3. V\u00f5\u00f5rh\u00e4\u00e4likuid m\u00e4rgitakse heebrea kirjas <em>geresh<\/em>&#8217;iga (\u05f3) j\u00e4rgmiselt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u05d3\u05f3 = dh (araabia \u0630)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05d2\u05f3 = j [d\u017e] (araabia \u062c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05d6\u05f3 = zh [\u017e]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05d7\u05f3 = kh [h(h)] (araabia \u062e)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05e1\u05f3 = \u1e63 (araabia \u0635)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05e8\u05f3 v\u00f5i \u05e2\u05f3 = gh (araabia \u063a)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05e6\u05f3 = ch [t\u0161]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05ea\u05f3 = th (araabia \u062b)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likum\u00e4rgid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid m\u00e4rgitakse kas \u00fcksnes t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likum\u00e4rkidega, mis on diakriitilised m\u00e4rgid, v\u00f5i nende kombinatsioonis m\u00f5ne kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4hega. Tabelis m\u00e4rgib <em>alef<\/em> (\u05d0) suvalist kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4hte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>M\u00e4rgid<\/th><th>Nimetus<\/th><th>Vasted<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b7<\/td><td>\u05e4\u05bc\u05b7\u05ea\u05bc\u05b8\u05d7 <em>pata\u1e96<\/em><\/td><td>a<\/td><td>\u05d0\u05b7\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3 = Ashdod<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b2<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b2\u05d8\u05b7\u05e3 \u05e4\u05bc\u05b7\u05ea\u05bc\u05b7\u05d7 <em>\u1e96ataf pata\u1e96<\/em><\/td><td>a<\/td><td>\u05d0\u05b2\u05ea\u05b8\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd = Atarim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b8<\/td><td>\u05e7\u05b8\u05de\u05b8\u05e5 <em>kamats<\/em><\/td><td>a, o<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>\u05de\u05b8\u05e8\u05b5\u05e9\u05c1\u05b8\u05d4 = Maresha, \u05d2\u05bc\u05b8\u05dc\u05b0\u05d2\u05bc\u05b8\u05dc\u05b0\u05ea\u05bc\u05b8\u05d0 = Golgolta<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b6<\/td><td>\u05e1\u05b0\u05d2\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc <em>segol<\/em><\/td><td>e<\/td><td>\u05de\u05b5\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05dd = Merom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b1<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b2\u05d8\u05b7\u05e3 \u05e1\u05b0\u05d2\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc <em>\u1e96ataf segol<\/em><\/td><td>e<\/td><td>(kohanimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b5<\/td><td>\u05e6\u05b5\u05d9\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9 <em>tser\u00e9<\/em><\/td><td>e, \u00e9<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b2\u05d3\u05b5\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4 = H\u0331adera, \u05d1\u05bc\u05b7\u05e2\u05b2\u05dc\u05b8\u05ea \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b5\u05e8 = Ba&#8217;alat Be&#8217;\u00e9r<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b5\u05d9<\/td><td>\u05e6\u05b5\u05d9\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9 \u05de\u05b8\u05dc\u05b5\u05d0 <em>tser\u00e9 mal\u00e9<\/em><\/td><td>e<\/td><td>\u05d1\u05bc\u05b5\u05d9\u05ea-\u05d4\u05b8\u05e2\u05b5\u05de\u05b6\u05e7 = Bet-haEmek<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b0<\/td><td>\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05d5\u05b8\u05d0 <em>shva<\/em>, \u0161vaa<\/td><td>j\u00e4\u00e4b m\u00e4rkimata v\u00f5i antakse edasi <em>e<\/em>-ga<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>\u05e0\u05b0\u05ea\u05b7\u05e0\u05b0\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4 = Netanya<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b4<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7 <em>\u1e96irik<\/em><\/td><td>i<\/td><td>\u05de\u05b4\u05d2\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05b7\u05dc = Migdal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b4\u05d9<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b4\u05d9\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05e7 \u05de\u05b8\u05dc\u05b5\u05d0 <em>\u1e96irik mal\u00e9<\/em><\/td><td>i<\/td><td>\u05e0\u05b7\u05e4\u05b0\u05ea\u05b8\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9 = Naftali<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b3<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05b2\u05d8\u05b7\u05e3 \u05e7\u05b8\u05de\u05b8\u05e5 <em>\u1e96ataf kamats<\/em><\/td><td>o<\/td><td>(kohanimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05b9<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b8\u05dd <em>\u1e96olam<\/em><\/td><td>o<\/td><td>\u05e8\u05b0\u05d7\u05b9\u05d1\u05d5\u05b9\u05ea = Re\u1e96ovot<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05d5\u05b9<\/td><td>\u05d7\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b8\u05dd \u05de\u05b8\u05dc\u05b5\u05d0 <em>\u1e96olam mal\u00e9<\/em><\/td><td>o<\/td><td>\u05e2\u05b7\u05d1\u05b0\u05d3\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05df = Avdon<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05bb<\/td><td>\u05e7\u05bb\u05d1\u05bc\u05d5\u05bc\u05e5 <em>kubuts<\/em><\/td><td>u<\/td><td>\u05d2\u05bc\u05bb\u05dc\u05b0\u05d2\u05bc\u05b9\u05dc\u05b6\u05ea = Gulgolet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u05d0\u05d5\u05bc<\/td><td>\u05e9\u05c1\u05d5\u05bc\u05e8\u05d5\u05bc\u05e7 <em>shuruk<\/em><\/td><td>u<\/td><td>\u05d6\u05b0\u05d1\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05d5\u05bc\u05d5 = Zevulun<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Heebrea t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute m\u00e4rkimine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><sup>1<\/sup> <em>Kamats<\/em>&#8217;i tavaline vaste on <em>a<\/em>, kinnises r\u00f5huta silbis v\u00f5ib vasteks olla ka <em>o<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><sup>2<\/sup> M\u00f5nes allikas m\u00e4rgitakse r\u00f5hulist <em>tser\u00e9<\/em>&#8217;d <em>\u00e9<\/em>-ga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><sup>3<\/sup> \u0160vaa kohta vt l\u00e4hemalt m\u00e4rkus 5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e4rkus 4. Kuigi h\u00e4\u00e4lduses enam vahet ei ole, on heebrea t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid tavaks jagada l\u00fchikesteks ja pikkadeks. L\u00fchikesed on \u05d0\u05b7 (<em>a<\/em>), \u05d0\u05b6 (<em>e<\/em>), \u05d0\u05b4 (<em>i<\/em>), \u05d0\u05b9 (<em>o<\/em>), \u05d0\u05bb (<em>u<\/em>), pikad \u05d0\u05b8 (<em>a<\/em>), \u05d0\u05b5 (<em>e<\/em>), \u05d0\u05b4\u05d9 (<em>i<\/em>), \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9 (<em>o<\/em>), \u05d0\u05d5\u05bc (<em>u<\/em>). (Heinrich Simonil  on <em>o<\/em>-na h\u00e4\u00e4lduv <em>kamats<\/em> ehk \u05d0\u05b8 l\u00fchike, pikk on \u05d0\u05d5\u05b9 v\u00f5i \u05d0\u05b9). Lisaks on \u0161vaaga \u00fclil\u00fchikesed \u05d0\u05b2 (<em>a<\/em>), \u05d0\u05b1 (<em>e<\/em>) ja \u05d0\u05b3 (<em>o<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e4rkus 5. \u0160vaad on kaht t\u00fc\u00fcpi: j\u00e4\u00e4v \u0161vaa (\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05d5\u05b8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05b8\u05d7 <em>shva na\u1e96<\/em>), mille puhul t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likut ei h\u00e4\u00e4ldu, ja liikuv \u0161vaa (\u05e9\u05c1\u05b0\u05d5\u05b8\u05d0 \u05e0\u05b8\u05e2 <em>shva na<\/em>), mis m\u00e4rgib l\u00fchikest <em>e<\/em>-h\u00e4\u00e4likut. Kui varasem latinisatsioon v\u00f5ttis selle traditsioonilise jaotuse aluseks ning latiniseeris <em>e<\/em>-ga vaid <em>shva na<\/em>&#8216;ga silbid, siis uus s\u00fcsteem v\u00f5tab arvesse tegelikku h\u00e4\u00e4ldust, kus t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuta h\u00e4\u00e4ldus on m\u00e4rksa levinum, nt on \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e0\u05b5\u05d9 \u05d1\u05bc\u05b0\u05e8\u05b8\u05e7 <code>Bne Brak<\/code> (vanas s\u00fcsteemis <em>Bene Beraq<\/em>), vrd \u05d2\u05bc\u05b0\u05d0\u05d5\u05bc\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd <code>Ge'ulim<\/code>, T\u00e4nap\u00e4eva heebrea keeles on \u0161vaa h\u00e4\u00e4ldus <em>e<\/em>-na s\u00e4ilinud j\u00e4rgmistel juhtudel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kui kahe kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4he \u00fchendis, milles \u0161vaa on esimese t\u00e4he all, on teine kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik esimesega kokkulangev v\u00f5i sama moodustuskohaga ja h\u00e4\u00e4ldusviisiga, nt \u05e9\u05c1\u05b8\u05db\u05b0\u05d7\u05d5\u05bc <code>shakhe\u1e96u<\/code>, \u05e9\u05c1\u05b8\u05d3\u05b7\u05d3\u05b0\u05ea\u05b0 <code>shadadet<\/code>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kui s\u00f5naalguse kahe kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4he \u00fchendis, milles \u0161vaa on esimese t\u00e4he all, on esimene kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik <em>l, m, n, r, y<\/em> [j], nt \u05e0\u05b0\u05de\u05b8\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd <code>nemalim<\/code>, \u05de\u05b0\u05e0\u05b4\u05d9\u05b8\u05d4 <code>meniyya<\/code>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kui s\u00f5naalguse kahe kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4he \u00fchendis, milles \u0161vaa on esimese t\u00e4he all, on teine kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik k\u00f5rih\u00e4\u00e4lik (<em>ayin, alef, h<\/em>), nt \u05ea\u05bc\u05b0\u05d0\u05b8\u05e8\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd <code>te'arim<\/code>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>teatud s\u00f5naalguse eesliidete (<em>be, ke, le, te, ve<\/em>) puhul, nt \u05d1\u05bc\u05e8\u05b5\u05d9\u05d7\u05b8\u05d4 <code>bere\u1e96a<\/code>, \u05d5\u05b0\u05e8\u05d5\u05b9\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd <code>verodim<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Heebrea kirjaviisid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Heebrea kiri on igap\u00e4evatarvituses vokaliseerimata, s.o ilma t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likum\u00e4rkideta jm diakriitikuteta. Vokaliseeritud kirjaviisi esineb p\u00fchades tekstides, luules ja lastele keele \u00f5petamiseks m\u00f5eldud raamatutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00f5ned kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4hed, nn lugemisabit\u00e4hed ehk <em>matres lectionis<\/em> (\u05d0, \u05d4, \u05d5, \u05d9), on aja jooksul hakanud m\u00e4rkima ka t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid. Nende p\u00f5hjal on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tatud t\u00e4ieliku kirjaviisi ehk \u05db\u05ea\u05d9\u05d1 \u05de\u05dc\u05d0 <em>ktiv mal\u00e9<\/em> p\u00f5him\u00f5tted. Neid on korduvalt t\u00e4psustatud, aga t\u00e4ielikku \u00fchtlust pole siiski saavutatud, tegelikus tarvituses on palju k\u00f5ikuvust. Lugemisabit\u00e4hti kasutatakse j\u00e4rgmiselt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u05d0 \u2013 peaasjalikult <em>a<\/em> m\u00e4rkimiseks, nt \u05de\u05e6\u05d0 <code>matsa<\/code>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05d4 \u2013 s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus <em>a<\/em> v\u00f5i <em>e<\/em> m\u00e4rkimiseks, nt \u05e8\u05d0\u05d4 <code>ra'a<\/code>, \u05e9\u05e8\u05d4 <code>share<\/code>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05d5 \u2013 <em>u<\/em> v\u00f5i <em>o<\/em> m\u00e4rkimiseks, nt \u05e6\u05d5\u05e8 <code>tsur<\/code>, \u05d9\u05d5\u05dd <code>yom<\/code>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u05d9 \u2013 <em>i<\/em> v\u00f5i <em>e<\/em> m\u00e4rkimiseks, nt \u05de\u05d9\u05df <code>min<\/code>, \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea <code>bet<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vt ka<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/heebrea-nimed\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"7725\">heebrea nimed<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/heebrea-teisendustabel\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"8721\">heebrea teisendustabel<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hebrew_alphabet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hebrew alphabet<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shva\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Shva<\/a>. \u2013 Wikipedia.org (<em>vaadatud 04.07.2023<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Heinrich Simon, Lehrbuch der modernen hebr\u00e4ischen Sprache. VEB Verlag Enzyklop\u00e4die Leipzig 1982.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dcRO 2007. a heaks kiidetud t\u00e4hetabel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[893],"tags":[957,1099,895],"class_list":["post-15450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tahetabelid","tag-heebrea-keel","tag-latinisatsioon","tag-tahetabel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15450"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15478,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15450\/revisions\/15478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}