{"id":26947,"date":"2025-12-17T20:19:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T18:19:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=26947"},"modified":"2026-08-28T17:41:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T14:41:32","slug":"parsia-ladina-tahetabel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/parsia-ladina-tahetabel\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e4rsia-ladina t\u00e4hetabel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00dcRO kohanimekorralduskonverentsil 1967. a heaks kiidetud t\u00e4hetabel, Eestis kasutamiseks soovitanud Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond (1996). \u00dcRO heaks kiidetud uusima t\u00e4hetabeli, 2012. a s\u00fcsteemi kohta vt siinse artikli l\u00f5pust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e4rsia keel kasutab araabia kirja, mida kirjutatakse paremalt vasakule. Kirja p\u00f5hit\u00e4hed m\u00e4rgivad kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuid, teatud juhtudel ka pikki t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid. L\u00fchikesi t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid saab m\u00e4rkida rea kohale v\u00f5i alla lisatud diakriitiliste m\u00e4rkidega. Igap\u00e4evakirjas diakriitikuid ei kasutata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut\u00e4hed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e4hed<\/th>Vasted<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627<\/td>j\u00e4\u00e4b m\u00e4rkimata (s\u00f5na algul)1<\/sup><\/td>\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644 = Ardab\u012bl<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628<\/td>= b<\/strong><\/td>\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 = B\u0101bol<\/td><\/tr>
\u067e<\/td>= p<\/strong><\/td>\u06a9\u067e\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u063a = Koppeh D\u0101gh<\/td><\/tr>
\u062a<\/td>= t<\/strong><\/td>\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 = Tehr\u0101n, \u0627\u062a\u0631\u06a9 = Atrak<\/td><\/tr>
\u062b<\/td>= s\u0304<\/strong> 2<\/sup><\/td>\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 = \u0100s\u0304\u0101r<\/td><\/tr>
\u062c<\/td>= j<\/strong><\/td>\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627 = Jolf\u0101<\/td><\/tr>
\u0686<\/td>= ch<\/strong><\/td>\u0686\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633 = Ch\u0101l\u016bs<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d<\/td>= \u1e29<\/strong><\/td>\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 = \u0100b\u0101d Ma\u1e29alleh<\/td><\/tr>
\u062e<\/td>= kh<\/strong><\/td>\u062e\u0648\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 = Kh\u016bzest\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u062f<\/td>= d<\/strong><\/td>\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f = Dam\u0101vand<\/td><\/tr>
\u0630<\/td>= z\u0304<\/strong> 2<\/sup><\/td>\u0630\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0633 = Z\u0304\u0101gros<\/td><\/tr>
\u0631<\/td>= r<\/strong><\/td>\u0631\u0634\u062a = Rasht<\/td><\/tr>
\u0632<\/td>= z<\/strong><\/td>\u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0646 = Z\u0101hed\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0698<\/td>= zh<\/strong><\/td>\u0622\u0628\u0698\u062f\u0627\u0646 = \u0100bezhd\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0633<\/td>= s<\/strong><\/td>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 = S\u012bst\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0634<\/td>= sh<\/strong><\/td>\u0634\u0648\u0634 = Sh\u016bsh<\/td><\/tr>
\u0635<\/td>= \u015f<\/strong> 2<\/sup><\/td>\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646 = E\u015ffah\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0636<\/td>= \u1e95<\/strong> 2<\/sup><\/td>\u0641\u06cc\u0636\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f = Fey\u1e95\u0101b\u0101d<\/td><\/tr>
\u0637<\/td>= \u0163<\/strong> 2<\/sup><\/td>\u0637\u0628\u0633 = \u0162abas<\/td><\/tr>
\u0638<\/td>= z\u0327<\/strong> 2<\/sup><\/td>\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0646 = Ab\u016b \u02bbAz\u0327\u012bn<\/td><\/tr>
\u0639<\/td>= \u02bb<\/strong><\/td>\u0634\u06cc\u062e \u0634\u0639\u06cc\u0628 = Sheykh Sho\u02bbeyb<\/td><\/tr>
\u063a<\/td>= gh<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647 = Mar\u0101gheh<\/td><\/tr>
\u0641<\/td>= f<\/strong><\/td>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 = F\u0101rs<\/td><\/tr>
\u0642<\/td>= q<\/strong><\/td>\u0642\u0645 = Qom, \u0633\u0642\u0632 = Saqqez<\/td><\/tr>
\u06a9<\/td>= k<\/strong><\/td>\u06a9\u0647\u06af\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0647 = Kohg\u012bl\u016byeh<\/td><\/tr>
\u06af<\/td>= g<\/strong><\/td>\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 = Golest\u0101n, \u06af\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 = Gorg\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0644<\/td>= l<\/strong><\/td>\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0627\u0646 = L\u0101hij\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645<\/td>= m<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0646 = Mamq\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646<\/td>= n<\/strong><\/td>\u0646\u062c\u0641\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f = Najaf\u0101b\u0101d<\/td><\/tr>
\u0648<\/td>= v<\/strong><\/td>\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0647\u0627\u0646 = Vargah\u0101n, \u06af\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 = Gav\u0101ter<\/td><\/tr>
\u0647<\/td>= h<\/strong><\/td>\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 = Hamad\u0101n, \u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0632 = Ahv\u0101z<\/td><\/tr>
\u06cc<\/td>= y<\/strong><\/td>\u06cc\u0632\u062f = Yazd<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • 1<\/sup> Alif<\/em> j\u00e4\u00e4b s\u00f5na alguses vasteta, transkribeeritakse \u00fcksnes selle juurde kuuluv t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 2<\/sup> Need t\u00e4hed on kasutusel peamiselt araabia laens\u00f5nades: \u015f<\/strong> (araabia \u0635 \u015f<\/em>), z\u0327<\/strong> (araabia \u0638 z\u0327<\/em>), s\u0304<\/strong> (araabia \u062b th<\/em>), z\u0304<\/strong> (araabia \u0630 dh<\/em>), \u1e95<\/strong> (araabia \u0636 \u1e11<\/em>), \u0163<\/strong> (araabia \u0637 \u0163<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likum\u00e4rgid ja diakriitikud<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    1<\/th>2<\/th>Vasted<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u0645\u064e<\/td><\/td>= a<\/strong><\/td>\u0628\u064e\u0646\u062f\u064e\u0631 = Bandar<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u0650<\/td><\/td>= e<\/strong><\/td>\u0642\u0650\u0634\u0645 = Qeshm<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u064f<\/td><\/td>= o<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0632 = Alborz<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u064e\u0627<\/td><\/td>= \u0101<\/strong><\/td>\u0686\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631 = Ch\u0101h Bah\u0101r<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u06cc\u0670<\/td>\u0645\u06cc<\/td>= \u00e1<\/strong><\/td>(araabia laennimedes)<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0622<\/td><\/td>= \u02bc\u0101<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>(esineb nimedes harva)<\/td><\/tr>
    <\/td><\/td>= \u0101<\/strong> (s\u00f5na alguses)<\/td>\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 = \u0100b\u0101d\u0101n<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u06cc<\/td>\u0645\u0650\u06cc<\/td>= \u012b<\/strong><\/td>\u0642\u064e\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u0646 = Qazv\u012bn<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u0648<\/td>\u0645\u064f\u0648<\/td>= \u016b<\/strong><\/td>\u062f\u0650\u0632\u0641\u0648\u0644 = Dezf\u016bl<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u0650\u06cc<\/td>\u0645\u064e\u06cc<\/td>= ey<\/strong><\/td>\u0646\u0650\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0632 = Neyr\u012bz<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0645\u0650\u06cc<\/td>\u0645\u064e\u06cc<\/td>= ow<\/strong><\/td>\u0641\u0650\u0631\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0633 = Ferdows<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0652<\/td><\/td>(ei kasutata, m\u00e4rgib t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku puudumist)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    \u0651<\/td><\/td>(tashd\u012bd<\/em>, topeldus)<\/td>\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0647 \u06af\u064e\u0632 = Darreh Gaz<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0621<\/td><\/td>= \u02bc<\/strong> (hamza<\/em>)<\/td>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u0634\u064e\u0647\u0631 = Q\u0101\u2019emshahr<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Seal, kus tabelis on antud kaks v\u00f5imalust (tulbad 1 ja 2), m\u00e4rgib esimene p\u00e4rsiap\u00e4rast, teine araabiap\u00e4rast s\u00fcsteemi. N\u00e4idetes on kasutatud p\u00e4rsiap\u00e4rast s\u00fcsteemi. T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likum\u00e4rkide kuju ja asendi paremaks n\u00e4itlikustamiseks on tabelis neile lisatud kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik m<\/strong>; esimeses reas on seega \u00f5ieti kirjutatud ma<\/strong>, teises reas me<\/strong>, kolmandas mo<\/strong> jne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u00e4rkused<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Sidesufiksit –e<\/em>\/ye<\/em> (e\u1e95\u0101feh<\/em>) m\u00e4rgitakse samamoodi nagu muid h\u00e4\u00e4likuid. Kui sidesufiksieelne s\u00f5na l\u00f5peb kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuga, siis on sufiks –e<\/em> ja seda eraldi ei m\u00e4rgita, nt \u06a9\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 K\u016bh-e Margh\u016bb<\/em>. Kui t\u00fcvi l\u00f5peb pika \u0101<\/em>-ga (\u0627) v\u00f5i \u016b<\/em>-ga (\u0648), siis on sufiks –ye<\/em> ja kirjapildis esindab seda \u06cc (y<\/em>), nt \u067e\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628 P\u0101-ye \u0100b<\/em>. Kui l\u00f5pus on h\u00e4\u00e4ldumatu h<\/em> (\u0647, tavaliselt on see l\u00f5puga –eh<\/em>), siis kas lisatakse t\u00fcvele \u06cc (y<\/em>) v\u00f5i lisatakse \u0647 (h<\/em>) peale y<\/em>-kujuline m\u00e4rk (\u06c0), nt \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u0628\u0631 ehk \u062f\u064e\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06c0 \u0645\u0645\u0628\u0631 Dah\u0101neh-ye Mambar<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Araabia laens\u00f5nad on osaliselt mugandatud:\n
        \n
      • adjektiivil\u00f5pp –\u012byah<\/em> on kujul –\u012byeh<\/em>, l\u00f5pum\u00e4rk on \u0640\u0647, mitte \u0640\u0629;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • araabia m\u00e4\u00e4ratud artikli (mis p\u00e4rsia keeles on tavaliselt kujul al<\/em>– v\u00f5i ol<\/em>-) latiniseerimisel kehtivad samad assimilatsioonireeglid nagu araabia keeles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Teatud juhtudel esineb p\u00e4rsia kirjas nn poolt\u00fchik ehk pseudot\u00fchik, mille puhul t\u00e4hed, mis muidu esinevad seotud kirjas, on selle t\u00fchiku eel l\u00f5ppvormis (ja t\u00fchiku j\u00e4rel vastavalt algvormis). T\u00fchikut ennast kirjas ei ole. Nt nimes Khorram\u0101b\u0101d \u062e\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f on m<\/em> l\u00f5ppvormis (\u0640\u0645), mitte seotud vormis (\u0640\u0645\u0640), nimi on aga kirjutatud t\u00fchikuta. Vrd kui sama nimi oleks ilma selle t\u00fchikuta (\u062e\u0631\u0645\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f) v\u00f5i oleks tavalise t\u00fchikuga (\u062e\u0631\u0645 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f). Arvutikirjas m\u00e4rgib poolt\u00fchikut kood U+200C. Seda m\u00e4rki kasutatakse liits\u00f5naosade piiril (Khorram+\u0101b\u0101d), samuti teatud l\u00f5ppude ja liidete eraldamiseks (mh eraldamaks mitmuse l\u00f5ppu –h\u0101<\/em>, samuti juhul, kui sidesufiks –ye<\/em> j\u00e4rgneb h\u00e4\u00e4ldumatule h<\/em>-le). Latinisatsioonis seda eraldi ei m\u00e4rgita.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u00dcRO 2012. a latinisatsioon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        2012. a heakskiidetud Iraani omaladina erineb 1967. a s\u00fcsteemist selle poolest, et keskendub h\u00e4\u00e4lduse, mitte kirjapildi edasiandmisele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • h\u00e4\u00e4likuid m\u00e4rgivad \u00fcksikt\u00e4hed, mitte t\u00e4he\u00fchendid: \u010d<\/strong> (1967 ch<\/em>), q<\/strong> (q<\/em> ja gh<\/em>), \u0161<\/strong> (sh<\/em>), x<\/strong> (kh<\/em>), \u017e<\/strong> (zh<\/em>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likutel \u012b<\/em> ja \u016b<\/em> pole pikkusm\u00e4rki, st on i<\/strong> ja u<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • eristavaid diakriitikuid ei kasutata t\u00e4htedel, mis h\u00e4\u00e4lduvad samamoodi: s<\/em>, \u015f<\/em>, s\u0304<\/em> on 2012. a s\u00fcsteemis \u00fchtemoodi s<\/strong>; z<\/em>, z\u0327<\/em>, z\u0304<\/em>, \u1e95<\/em> on \u00fchtmoodi z<\/strong>; \u02bc ja \u02bb on \u00fchtmoodi \u2019<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • araabia laenudes esinev nimel\u00f5pp \u00e1<\/em> on \u0101<\/strong>, eh<\/em>-l\u00f5pp lihtsalt –e<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \u00dcRO uuemat s\u00fcsteemi tarvitatakse Iraanis endas suhteliselt v\u00e4he ja mujal maailmas pole selle kasutust n\u00e4ha, seet\u00f5ttu on Eestis seni j\u00e4\u00e4dud vana s\u00fcsteemi juurde. V\u00f5rdluseks \u00dcRO 1967. a ja 2012. a tabeli kohased nimekujud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00dcRO 1967 \/ ESKT 1996<\/th>\u00dcRO 2012<\/th>P\u00e4rsia nimi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
          A\u015fl\u0101nd\u016bz<\/td>Asl\u0101nduz<\/td>\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
          Bal\u016bchest\u0101n<\/td>Balu\u010dest\u0101n<\/td>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0686\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr>
          Chah\u0101r Ma\u1e29\u0101ll va Bakht\u012b\u0101r\u012b<\/td>\u010cah\u0101r Mah\u0101ll va Baxti\u0101ri<\/td>\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u200c\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
          E\u015f\u0163ahb\u0101n\u0101t<\/td>Estahb\u0101n\u0101t<\/td>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>
          Kerm\u0101nsh\u0101h<\/td>Kerm\u0101n\u0161\u0101h<\/td>\u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647<\/td><\/tr>
          Khomeyn\u012bshahr<\/td>Xomeyni\u0161ahr<\/td>\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
          Khvoy<\/td>Xoy<\/td>\u062e\u0648\u0649<\/td><\/tr>
          Sheykh Sho\u2018eyb<\/td>\u0160eyx \u0160o\u2019eyb<\/td>\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628<\/td><\/tr>
          Sh\u012br\u0101z<\/td>\u0160ir\u0101z<\/td>\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632<\/td><\/tr>
          S\u012bah Chashmeh<\/td>Siah \u010ca\u0161me<\/td>\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u0647<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
          P\u00e4rsia nimed eri latinisatsioonides<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00dcRO 1967. a heaks kiidetud t\u00e4hetabel. V\u00f5rdlus \u00dcRO 2012. a tabeliga.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[893],"tags":[897,895],"class_list":["post-26947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tahetabelid","tag-parsia-keel","tag-tahetabel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26947"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29869,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26947\/revisions\/29869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}