{"id":27135,"date":"2025-12-31T14:15:09","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=27135"},"modified":"2026-01-02T18:27:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T16:27:11","slug":"amhara-ladina-tahetabel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/amhara-ladina-tahetabel\/","title":{"rendered":"Amhara-ladina t\u00e4hetabel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00dcRO 1967. a heaks kiidetud tabel. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval seda ei rakendata, kasutust leiab aga BGN\/PCGNi 1967. a s\u00fcsteem , mis p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt on samal alusel, erinev on diakriitikute kasutus. Siinses tabelis on esitatud BGN\/PCGNi versioon, milles on ka m\u00f5ned t\u00e4psustused transliteratsiooni tarbeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etioopias k\u00f5neldav amhara keel kasutab etioopia (geezi) kirja, mis on silpkiri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00f5hitabel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Nr<\/th>1 (e)<\/th>2 (u)<\/th>3 (\u012b)<\/th>4 (a)<\/th>5 (\u0113) <\/th>6 (i)1<\/sup><\/th>7 (o)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1 (h)<\/td>\u1200 h\u0101<\/td>\u1201 hu<\/td>\u1202 h\u012b<\/td>\u1203 ha<\/td>\u1204 h\u0113<\/td>\u1205 hi<\/td>\u1206 ho<\/td><\/tr>
2 (l)<\/td>\u1208 le<\/td>\u1209 lu<\/td>\u120a l\u012b<\/td>\u120b la<\/td>\u120c l\u0113<\/td>\u120d li<\/td>\u120e lo<\/td><\/tr>
3 (h)<\/td>\u1210 \u1e25\u0101<\/td>\u1211 \u1e25u<\/td>\u1212 \u1e25\u012b<\/td>\u1213 \u1e25a<\/td>\u1214 \u1e25\u0113<\/td>\u1215 \u1e25i<\/td>\u1216 \u1e25o<\/td><\/tr>
4 (m)<\/td>\u1218 me<\/td>\u1219 mu<\/td>\u121a m\u012b<\/td>\u121b ma<\/td>\u121c m\u0113<\/td>\u121d mi<\/td>\u121e mo<\/td><\/tr>
5 (\u015b)3<\/sup><\/td>\u1220 \u015be<\/td>\u1221 \u015bu<\/td>\u1222 \u015b\u012b<\/td>\u1223 \u015ba<\/td>\u1224 \u015b\u0113<\/td>\u1225 \u015bi<\/td>\u1226 \u015bo<\/td><\/tr>
6 (r)<\/td>\u1228 re<\/td>\u1229 ru<\/td>\u122a r\u012b<\/td>\u122b ra<\/td>\u122c r\u0113<\/td>\u122d ri<\/td>\u122e ro<\/td><\/tr>
7 (s)<\/td>\u1230 se<\/td>\u1231 su<\/td>\u1232 s\u012b<\/td>\u1233 sa<\/td>\u1234 s\u0113<\/td>\u1235 si<\/td>\u1236 so<\/td><\/tr>
8 (sh)<\/td>\u1238 she<\/td>\u1239 shu<\/td>\u123a sh\u012b<\/td>\u123b sha<\/td>\u123c sh\u0113<\/td>\u123d shi<\/td>\u123e sho<\/td><\/tr>
9 (k’)<\/td>\u1240 k’e<\/td>\u1241 k’u<\/td>\u1242 k’\u012b<\/td>\u1243 k’a<\/td>\u1244 k’\u0113<\/td>\u1245 k’i<\/td>\u1246 k’o<\/td><\/tr>
10 (b)<\/td>\u1260 be<\/td>\u1261 bu<\/td>\u1262 b\u012b<\/td>\u1263 ba<\/td>\u1264 b\u0113<\/td>\u1265 bi<\/td>\u1266 bo<\/td><\/tr>
11 (t)<\/td>\u1270 te<\/td>\u1271 tu<\/td>\u1272 t\u012b<\/td>\u1273 ta<\/td>\u1274 t\u0113<\/td>\u1275 ti<\/td>\u1276 to<\/td><\/tr>
12 (ch)<\/td>\u1278 che<\/td>\u1279 chu<\/td>\u127a ch\u012b<\/td>\u127b cha<\/td>\u127c ch\u0113<\/td>\u127d chi<\/td>\u127e cho<\/td><\/tr>
13 (\u1e2b)<\/td>\u1280 \u1e2b\u0101<\/td>\u1281 \u1e2bu<\/td>\u1282 \u1e2b\u012b<\/td>\u1283 \u1e2ba<\/td>\u1284 \u1e2b\u0113<\/td>\u1285 \u1e2bi<\/td>\u1286 \u1e2bo<\/td><\/tr>
14 (n)<\/td>\u1290 ne<\/td>\u1291 nu<\/td>\u1292 n\u012b<\/td>\u1293 na<\/td>\u1294 n\u0113<\/td>\u1295 ni<\/td>\u1296 no<\/td><\/tr>
15 (ny)<\/td>\u129c nye<\/td>\u1299 nyu<\/td>\u129a ny\u012b<\/td>\u129b nya<\/td>\u129c ny\u0113<\/td>\u129d nyi<\/td>\u129e nyo<\/td><\/tr>
16 (\u02bc)2<\/sup><\/td>\u12a0 \u02bc\u0101<\/td>\u12a1 \u02bcu<\/td>\u12a2 \u02bc\u012b<\/td>\u12a3 \u02bca<\/td>\u12a4 \u02bc\u0113<\/td>\u12a5 \u02bci<\/td>\u12a6 \u02bco<\/td><\/tr>
17 (k)<\/td>\u12a8 ke<\/td>\u12a9 ku<\/td>\u12aa k\u012b<\/td>\u12ab ka<\/td>\u12ac k\u0113<\/td>\u12ad ki<\/td>\u12ae ko<\/td><\/tr>
18 (\u1e96)<\/td>\u12bd \u1e96e<\/td>\u12b9 \u1e96u<\/td>\u12ba \u1e96\u012b<\/td>\u12bb \u1e96a<\/td>\u12bc \u1e96\u0113<\/td>\u12bd \u1e96i<\/td>\u12be \u1e96o<\/td><\/tr>
19 (w)<\/td>\u12c8 we<\/td>\u12c9 wu<\/td>\u12ca w\u012b<\/td>\u12cb wa<\/td>\u12cc w\u0113<\/td>\u12cd wi<\/td>\u12ce wo<\/td><\/tr>
20 (\u02bb)<\/td>\u12d0 \u02bb\u0101<\/td>\u12d1 \u02bbu<\/td>\u12d2 \u02bb\u012b<\/td>\u12d3 \u02bba<\/td>\u12d4 \u02bb\u0113<\/td>\u12d5 \u02bbi<\/td>\u12d6 \u02bbo<\/td><\/tr>
21 (z)<\/td>\u12d8 ze<\/td>\u12d9 zu<\/td>\u12da z\u012b<\/td>\u12db za<\/td>\u12dc z\u0113<\/td>\u12dd zi<\/td>\u12de zo<\/td><\/tr>
22 (zh)<\/td>\u12e0 zhe<\/td>\u12e1 zhu<\/td>\u12e2 zh\u012b<\/td>\u12e3 zha<\/td>\u12e4 zh\u0113<\/td>\u12e5 zhi<\/td>\u12e6 zho<\/td><\/tr>
23 (y)<\/td>\u12e8 ye<\/td>\u12e9 yu<\/td>\u12ea y\u012b<\/td>\u12eb ya<\/td>\u12ec y\u0113<\/td>\u12ed yi<\/td>\u12ee yo<\/td><\/tr>
24 (d)<\/td>\u12f0 de<\/td>\u12f1 du<\/td>\u12f2 d\u012b<\/td>\u12f3 da<\/td>\u12f4 d\u0113<\/td>\u12f5 di<\/td>\u12f6 do<\/td><\/tr>
25 (j)<\/td>\u1300 je<\/td>\u1301 ju<\/td>\u1302 j\u012b<\/td>\u1303 ja<\/td>\u1304 j\u0113<\/td>\u1305 ji<\/td>\u1306 jo<\/td><\/tr>
26 (g)<\/td>\u1308 ge<\/td>\u1309 gu<\/td>\u130a g\u012b<\/td>\u130b ga<\/td>\u130c g\u0113<\/td>\u130d gi<\/td>\u130e go<\/td><\/tr>
27 (t’)<\/td>\u1320 t’e<\/td>\u1321 t’u<\/td>\u1322 t’\u012b<\/td>\u1323 t’a<\/td>\u1324 t’\u0113<\/td>\u1325 t’i<\/td>\u1326 t’o<\/td><\/tr>
28 (ch’)<\/td>\u1328 ch’e<\/td>\u1329 ch’u<\/td>\u132a ch’\u012b<\/td>\u132b ch’a<\/td>\u132c ch’\u0113<\/td>\u132d ch’i<\/td>\u132e ch’o<\/td><\/tr>
29 (p’)<\/td>\u1330 p’e<\/td>\u1331 p’u<\/td>\u1332 p’\u012b<\/td>\u1333 p’a<\/td>\u1334 p’\u0113<\/td>\u1335 p’i<\/td>\u1336 p’o<\/td><\/tr>
30 (ts’)<\/td>\u1338 ts’e<\/td>\u1339 ts’u<\/td>\u133a ts’\u012b<\/td>\u133b ts’a<\/td>\u133c ts’\u0113<\/td>\u133d ts’i<\/td>\u133e ts’o<\/td><\/tr>
31 (t\u035fs’)<\/td>\u1340 t\u035fs’e<\/td>\u1341 t\u035fs’u<\/td>\u1342 t\u035fs’\u012b<\/td>\u1343 t\u035fs’a<\/td>\u1344 t\u035fs’\u0113<\/td>\u1345 t\u035fs’i<\/td>\u1346 t\u035fs’o<\/td><\/tr>
32 (f)<\/td>\u1348 fe<\/td>\u1349 fu<\/td>\u134a f\u012b<\/td>\u134b fa<\/td> \u134c f\u0113<\/td>\u134d fi<\/td>\u134e fo<\/td><\/tr>
33 (p)<\/td>\u1350 pe<\/td>\u1351 pu<\/td>\u1352 p\u012b<\/td>\u1353 pa<\/td>\u1354 p\u0113<\/td>\u1355 pi<\/td>\u1356 po<\/td><\/tr>
34 (v)<\/td>\u1268 ve<\/td>\u1269 vu<\/td>\u126a v\u012b<\/td>\u126b va<\/td>\u126c v\u0113<\/td>\u126d vi<\/td>\u126e vo<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • 1<\/sup> 6. tulba t\u00e4hed v\u00f5ivad ka t\u00e4histada t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuteta silpe, sel juhul latiniseeritakse \u00fcksnes kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik, nt \u121c\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1275 Mengist<\/em> (mitte Menigisiti<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 2<\/sup> 16. rea t\u00e4ht latiniseeritakse s\u00f5na alguses ilma \u2019-ta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 3<\/sup> BGN\/PCGNi s\u00fcsteemis on see tegelikult \u0161<\/em>, ent h\u00e4\u00e4ldub siiski [s].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Kombinatsioonid w<\/em>-ga ja y<\/em>-ga<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Nr<\/th>1 (we)1<\/sup><\/th>3 (w\u012b)<\/th>4 (wa)<\/th>5 (w\u0113)<\/th>6 (wi)<\/th>4 (ya)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    1 (h)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1207 hwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    2 (l)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u120f lwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    4 (m)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u121f mwa<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1359 mya<\/td><\/tr>
    6 (r)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u122f rwa<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1358 rya<\/td><\/tr>
    7 (s)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1237 swa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    8 (sh)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u123f shwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    9 (k’)<\/td>\u1248 k’we<\/td>\u124a k’w\u012b<\/td>\u124b k’wa<\/td>\u124c k’w\u0113<\/td>\u124d k’wi<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    10 (b)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1267 bwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    11 (t)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1277 twa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    12 (ch)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u127f chwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    13 (\u1e2b)<\/td>\u1288 \u1e2bwe<\/td>\u128a \u1e2bw\u012b<\/td>\u128b \u1e2bwa<\/td>\u128c \u1e2bw\u0113<\/td>\u128d \u1e2bwi<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    14 (n)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1297 nwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    15 (ny)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u129f nywa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    17 (k)<\/td>\u12b0 kwe<\/td>\u12b2 kw\u012b<\/td>\u12b3 kwa<\/td>\u12b4 kw\u0113<\/td>\u12b5 kwi<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    21 (z)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u12df zwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    22 (zh)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u12e7 zhwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    23 (y)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u12ef ywa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    24 (d)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u12f7 dwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    25 (j)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1307 jwa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    26 (g)<\/td>\u1310 gwe<\/td>\u1312 gw\u012b<\/td>\u1313 gwa<\/td>\u1314 gw\u0113<\/td>\u1315 gwi<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    27 (t’)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u1327 t’wa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    28 (ch’)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u132f ch’wa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    30 (ts’)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u133f ts’wa<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>
    32 (f)<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u134f fwa<\/td><\/td><\/td>\u135a fya<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • 1<\/sup> Selle tulba silbid h\u00e4\u00e4lduvad [o]-l\u00f5pulistena: k’o<\/em>, \u1e2bo<\/em>, ko<\/em>, go<\/em>. BGN\/PCGNi s\u00fcsteemis latiniseeritakse need silbid vastavalt h\u00e4\u00e4ldusele (k’o<\/em> jne), \u00dcRO s\u00fcsteemis vastavalt kirjapildile (k’we<\/em> jne). Siinses tabelis on valitud \u00dcRO variant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Eri s\u00fcsteemides m\u00e4rgitakse t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid erinevalt, lisaks mainituile on veel Etioopia keeleteaduses kasutatavad vasted ja nt Unicode’i t\u00e4henimetustes kasutatavad tingt\u00e4histused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      S\u00fcsteem<\/th>1<\/th>2<\/th>3<\/th>4<\/th>5<\/th>6<\/th>7<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/td>[\u00e4]<\/td>[u]<\/td>[i]<\/td>[a]<\/td>[e]<\/td>[\u00f5]<\/td>[o]<\/td><\/tr>
      BGN-PCGN 1967<\/td>e<\/td>u<\/td>\u012b<\/td>a<\/td>\u0113<\/td>i<\/td>o<\/td><\/tr>
      \u00dcRO 1967<\/td>e\u0320<\/td>u<\/td>i<\/td>a<\/td>e<\/td>i\u0320<\/td>o<\/td><\/tr>
      Etioopia keeleteadus<\/td>\u00e4<\/td>u<\/td>i<\/td>a<\/td>e<\/td>\u0259<\/td>o<\/td><\/tr>
      Unicode’i t\u00e4henimetused<\/td>A<\/td>U<\/td>I<\/td>AA<\/td>EE<\/td>E<\/td>O<\/td><\/tr>
      BGN 1951<\/td>a<\/td>u<\/td>i<\/td>\u0101<\/td>\u0113<\/td>e<\/td>o<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
      Amhara t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute edasiandmine eri s\u00fcsteemides<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00e4psustavaid m\u00e4rkusi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Etioopia kirjas ei m\u00e4rgita kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku pikkust: \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u0100dd\u012bs \u0100beba, \u12a0\u1230\u120b \u0100sella. Harva m\u00e4rgitakse seda \u00fclapunktiga, nt Addis Abeba puhul oleks see \u12a0\u12f2\u135e\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263. Latinisatsioonis v\u00f5ib pikkus siiski kajastuda, kuid praktika on vahelduv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Kui silp \u1293 na<\/em> t\u00e4hendab sides\u00f5na ‘ja’, siis latiniseeritakse see eraldi s\u00f5naks, nt \u1260\u130c\u121d\u12f5\u122d\u1293 \u1235\u121c\u1295 Beg\u0113mdir na Sim\u0113n<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Kui silp \u12e8 ye<\/em> m\u00e4rgib amhara prepositsiooni,siis kirjutatakse see j\u00e4rgneva s\u00f5naga kokku, m\u00f5lemad osised suure algust\u00e4hega, nt \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1270\u122b\u122b Ye\u012atyop’ya terara<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Diakriitikud on eesk\u00e4tt nime t\u00e4pseks dokumenteerimiseks. Tavakasutuses kaovad latinisatsioonis k\u00f5ik diakriitikud, sageli ka eristav \u00fclakoma.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval kasutab amhara keel p\u00f5hiliselt ladina kirjale tuttavaid kirjavahem\u00e4rke. Vanades tekstides m\u00e4rkis \u1361 s\u00f5navahet, \u1362 punkti, \u1363 koma, \u1364 semikoolonit, \u1365 koolonit ja \u1367 k\u00fcsim\u00e4rki.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        BGN\/PCGNi ja \u00dcRO 1967. a heaks kiidetud tabel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[893],"tags":[902,895],"class_list":["post-27135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tahetabelid","tag-amhara-keel","tag-tahetabel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27135"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27171,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27135\/revisions\/27171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}