{"id":2760,"date":"2021-07-30T17:00:55","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T14:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/193.40.33.167\/teatmik\/?p=2760"},"modified":"2025-02-21T11:13:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T09:13:09","slug":"voornimede-mugandhaaldus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/voornimede-mugandhaaldus\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f5\u00f5rnimede mugandh\u00e4\u00e4ldus"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div id=\"luhidalt-block_d4b54aa617ade724697bec2bb38e830d\" class=\"luhidalt\">\r\n   <h4>L\u00fchidalt<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00f5nda v\u00f5\u00f5rkeelset nime, mida kirjutatakse l\u00e4htekeelsel kujul, h\u00e4\u00e4ldatakse&nbsp;<strong>eestip\u00e4raselt<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00f5i osaliselt eestip\u00e4rasemalt. Selle p\u00f5hjuseks on kas traditsioon, vajadus sobitada v\u00f5\u00f5rkeelte h\u00e4\u00e4likupikkusi eesti v\u00e4ldetega v\u00f5i soov h\u00f5lbustada nimele sobiva k\u00e4\u00e4ndt\u00fc\u00fcbi valikut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt on eesti keeles korrektne kasutada nende nimede puhul ka&nbsp;<strong>l\u00e4htekeelset h\u00e4\u00e4ldust<\/strong>. Seejuures v\u00f5ib nime k\u00e4\u00e4ndt\u00fc\u00fcp muutuda, vrd traditsioonilises h\u00e4\u00e4lduses&nbsp;<em>Arkansas<\/em>&nbsp;[ark\u00b4ansas], mille omastav ja osastav on&nbsp;<em>Arkansase, Arkansast<\/em>, ning inglise h\u00e4\u00e4ldus [\u00b4aa(r)kans`oo], mille puhul need vormid oleksid&nbsp;<em>Arkansas&#8217;, Arkansas&#8217;d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"pikemalt-block_f876bb713197d86194bb01daf59dc1d7\" class=\"pikemalt\">\r\n\r\n   <h4>Pikemalt<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Siinses k\u00e4sitluses on kasutatud&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/eki.ee\/teatmik\/haaldusmargid-uhendsonastikus-us\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2730\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">EKI \u00fchends\u00f5nastiku h\u00e4\u00e4ldusm\u00e4rke<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e4lte, r\u00f5hu, peenenduse jm t\u00e4histamiseks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"traditsiooniline-h\u00e4\u00e4ldus\">Traditsiooniline h\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sellesse r\u00fchma kuuluvad nimed, mida h\u00e4\u00e4ldatakse&nbsp;<strong>kirjapildi<\/strong>&nbsp;kohaselt, nt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Budapest<\/code>&nbsp;[b\u00b4udap`est], vrd ungari [budap\u00e4\u0161t]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Edinburgh<\/code>&nbsp;[\u00b4edinb`urg], vrd inglise [edinb\u0259r\u0259]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>London<\/code>&nbsp;[l`ondon], vrd inglise [land\u0259n]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Oslo<\/code>&nbsp;[oslo], vrd norra [uslu]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Samuti v\u00f5ib eraldi v\u00e4lja tuua nimed, milles&nbsp;<strong>r\u00f5hk on nihkunud esisilbile<\/strong>&nbsp;(vene nimedes lisaks t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute h\u00e4\u00e4ldamine kirjapildi kohaselt), nt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Moskva<\/code>&nbsp;[m`oskva], vrd vene [maskv`aa]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Rostov<\/code>&nbsp;[r`ostov], vrd vene [rast`off]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mitmes leedu nimes on r\u00f5hk toodud esisilbile, <em>i(j)a<\/em>-l\u00f5pulistes nimedes l\u00f5pust 3. silbile ja kahel juhul on aktsepteeritud levinud eelviimase silbi r\u00f5hku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Alytus<\/code> [alitus], vrd leedu [aliit`us]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Taurag\u0117<\/code> [taurage], vrd leedu [taurag`ee]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Ukmerg\u0117<\/code> [ukm\u00e4rge], vrd leedu [ukm\u00e4rg`ee]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Auk\u0161taitija<\/code> [auk\u0161t`aitija], vrd leedu [auk\u0161taitij`aa]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Palanga<\/code> [pal\u00b4anga], vrd leedu [palang`aa]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Panev\u0117\u017eys<\/code> [pan\u00e4vee\u017eis], vrd leedu [pan\u00e4ve\u017e`iis]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h\u00e4\u00e4likupikkuste-sobitamine\">H\u00e4\u00e4likupikkuste sobitamine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f5\u00f5rnimede sobitamisel eesti h\u00e4\u00e4likupikkuste ja silbiv\u00e4ldetega on paratamatu m\u00f5nda l\u00e4htekeele h\u00e4\u00e4likut pikendada, vahel ka l\u00fchendada. Enamasti pikeneb r\u00f5hulise lahtise silbi t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik, nt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>hispaania&nbsp;<code>Toledo<\/code>&nbsp;[toleedo]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>itaalia&nbsp;<code>Torino<\/code>&nbsp;[toriino]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>prantsuse&nbsp;<code>Bordeaux<\/code>&nbsp;[bord`oo]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vene&nbsp;<code>Ivanovo<\/code>&nbsp;[iv`aanovo]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fchendamise vajadus v\u00f5ib kerkida, kui pika t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuga silp on r\u00f5hutu, sest see ei oleks eesti h\u00e4\u00e4likus\u00fcsteemis tavaline, nt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>araabia&nbsp;<code>Dh\u012bb\u0101n<\/code>&nbsp;[\u00f0ib`aan], t\u00e4psem h\u00e4\u00e4ldus oleks [\u00f0iib`aan]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inglise&nbsp;<code>Bathurst<\/code>&nbsp;[b\u00e4\u03b8\u0259(r)st], t\u00e4psem h\u00e4\u00e4ldus oleks [b\u00b4\u00e4\u03b8\u0259\u0259(r)st]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ungari&nbsp;<code>Fej\u00e9r<\/code>&nbsp;[f\u00e4jer], t\u00e4psem h\u00e4\u00e4ldus oleks [f\u00b4\u00e4jeer]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"k\u00e4\u00e4ndt\u00fc\u00fcbiga-sobitamine\">K\u00e4\u00e4ndt\u00fc\u00fcbiga sobitamine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00f5puks tingib l\u00e4htekeelse h\u00e4\u00e4lduse mugandamise ka vajadus nime h\u00f5lpsamalt k\u00e4\u00e4nata. M\u00f5ned n\u00e4ited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inglise&nbsp;<em>r<\/em>-l\u00f5pulistes nimedes&nbsp;<em>r<\/em>&nbsp;enamasti ei h\u00e4\u00e4ldu, nt&nbsp;<code>Tower<\/code>&nbsp;[tau\u0259]. Selle p\u00f5hjal peaks nimi&nbsp;<em>Tower<\/em>&nbsp;olema omastavas&nbsp;<em>Tower&#8217;<\/em>&nbsp;ja osastavas&nbsp;<em>Tower&#8217;t<\/em>. Eesti tavas on aga k\u00e4\u00e4nata neid nimesid&nbsp;<em>r<\/em>-l\u00f5pulistena (<em>Toweri, Towerit<\/em>), seep\u00e4rast n\u00e4idatakse h\u00e4\u00e4ldusv\u00e4ljal&nbsp;<em>r<\/em>&nbsp;sulgudes: [tau\u0259(r)].<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Niisamuti on tavaks prantsuse nasaalvokaaliga (l\u00e4bi nina h\u00e4\u00e4ldatava t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuga) l\u00f5ppevaid nimesid k\u00e4\u00e4nata nii, nagu nad l\u00f5peksid&nbsp;<em>n<\/em>-iga, seega on h\u00e4\u00e4ldusv\u00e4ljal&nbsp;<em>n<\/em>&nbsp;sulgudes:&nbsp;<code>Toulon<\/code>&nbsp;[tul`oo(n)], omastavas&nbsp;<em>Touloni<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inglise kohanimede h\u00e4\u00e4lduses on l\u00f5ppsilp sageli l\u00fchenenud, nt&nbsp;<code>Norfolk<\/code>&nbsp;[n`oo(r)f\u0259k]. Norfolki nime k\u00e4\u00e4namine&nbsp;<em>\u00f5pik<\/em>-t\u00fc\u00fcbi kohaselt (osastav&nbsp;<em>Norfolkit<\/em>) oleks ootamatu, seep\u00e4rast on antud mugandh\u00e4\u00e4ldus [n`orf`olk]. Samamoodi nt&nbsp;<code>Oxford<\/code>&nbsp;[`oksf`ord], vrd inglise [`oksf\u0259d].<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Saksa <em>g, b, d<\/em> h\u00e4\u00e4lduvad s\u00f5na l\u00f5pul tegelikult tugevalt, nt <code>Dortmund<\/code> [d`ortm`unt]. Niisuguse nime k\u00e4\u00e4namine oleks aga t\u00fclikas, seep\u00e4rast on l\u00f5pposa h\u00e4\u00e4ldus antud vastavalt kirjapildile [d`ortm`und], nagu on ka eesti tavas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rumeenia nimede l\u00f5pus olev&nbsp;<em>i<\/em>&nbsp;j\u00e4\u00e4b kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku j\u00e4rel peaaegu h\u00e4\u00e4ldamata, seeasemel ta palataliseerib eelnevat kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut, nt&nbsp;<code>Ploie\u0219ti<\/code>&nbsp;[ploj`e\u0161t&#8217;]. V\u00e4ltimaks t\u00fclikat kirjapildi ja h\u00e4\u00e4lduse suhet k\u00e4\u00e4namisel (tuleks k\u00e4\u00e4nata omastavas&nbsp;<em>Ploie\u0219ti&#8217;i<\/em>, osastavas&nbsp;<em>Ploie\u0219ti&#8217;i<\/em>) on lihtsuse huvides h\u00e4\u00e4ldusse j\u00e4etud l\u00f5pu&nbsp;<em>i<\/em>&nbsp;alles: [ploj\u00b4e\u0161ti] (omastav seega&nbsp;<em>Ploie\u0219ti<\/em>, osastav&nbsp;<em>Ploie\u0219tit<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dcldp\u00f5him\u00f5ttena on h\u00e4\u00e4ldus antud nii, et oleks aru saada, mis t\u00fc\u00fcbi j\u00e4rgi nime k\u00e4\u00e4natakse. \u00dchesilbilistes ja r\u00f5hulise l\u00f5ppsilbiga s\u00f5nades on seet\u00f5ttu ka m\u00f5nda h\u00e4\u00e4likut pikendatud, nt <code>Man<\/code> [m`\u00e4nn], <code>Amman<\/code> [amm`aan], <code>Afganistan<\/code> [afganist`aan]. Kui ei ole selge, millist h\u00e4\u00e4likut pikendada ja tegelikus kasutuses kohtab variante, siis on pikk h\u00e4\u00e4lik j\u00e4etud n\u00e4itamata ja piirdutud III v\u00e4lte m\u00e4rgiga: <code>Orjol<\/code> [orj`ol] v\u00f5ib h\u00e4\u00e4ldada nii [orj`ool] kui ka [orj`oll].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vt ka<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/voornimede-haaldus\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"15519\">v\u00f5\u00f5rnimede h\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e4htekeelep\u00e4raselt kirjutatud v\u00f5\u00f5rnimed, millel on eestip\u00e4rane h\u00e4\u00e4ldus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[]"},"categories":[706],"tags":[577,698],"class_list":["post-2760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-voornimed","tag-haaldus","tag-voornimi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2760"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23442,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2760\/revisions\/23442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}