{"id":29870,"date":"2026-08-29T13:30:27","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T10:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=29870"},"modified":"2026-08-31T08:20:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T05:20:15","slug":"kurdi-vastavustabel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/kurdi-vastavustabel\/","title":{"rendered":"Kurdi vastavustabel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kurdi keelt kirjutatakse kas ladina v\u00f5i araabia kirjas. Ladina kirja levinuim variant on Hawari t\u00e4hestik, mille autor on Celadet Al\u00ee Bedirxan ja mis ilmus ettepanekuna ajakirjas Hawar 1932. a. Araabia kirja on kurdi keele jaoks kohandanud Sa’id Kaban Sedqi. Erinevalt teistest araabiap\u00f5hjalistest t\u00e4hestikest m\u00e4rgitakse kurdi keeles \u00fcldjuhul ka t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurdi keele kolm kuju on p\u00f5hjakurdi ehk kurmand\u017ei (p\u00f5hiliselt T\u00fcrgis, S\u00fc\u00fcrias), keskkurdi ehk sorani (Iraagis ja Iraanis) ja l\u00f5unakurdi (Iraagis ja Iraanis). Neist kurmand\u017ei keelt kirjutatakse enamasti ladina kirjas, sorani keelt araabia kirjas. Tabel n\u00e4itab nende kahe kirja vastavusi,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Araabia<\/th>1<\/sup><\/th>Ladina<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627<\/td>\u0626\u0627<\/td>= a<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u06d5\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f = Mehabad, \u0626\u0627\u0645\u06ce\u062f\u06cc = Am\u00ead\u00ee<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628<\/td><\/td>= b<\/strong><\/td>\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06d5 = Bane<\/td><\/tr>
\u067e<\/td><\/td>= p<\/strong><\/td>\u067e\u0627\u0648\u06d5 = Pawe, \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631 = P\u00eeran\u015far<\/td><\/tr>
\u062a<\/td><\/td>= t<\/strong><\/td>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06d5 = Zaw\u00eete<\/td><\/tr>
\u062c<\/td><\/td>= c<\/strong><\/td>\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0631\u06c6 = Ciwanro<\/td><\/tr>
\u0686<\/td><\/td>= \u00e7<\/strong><\/td>\u0686\u06d5\u0645\u0686\u06d5\u0644\u06cc = \u00c7em\u00e7el\u00ee<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d<\/td><\/td>= h<\/strong> (\u1e27<\/strong>) 2<\/sup><\/td>\u062d\u06d5\u0644\u06d5\u0628\u062c\u06d5 = Helebce (\u1e26elebce)<\/td><\/tr>
\u062e<\/td><\/td>= x<\/strong><\/td>\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0642\u06cc\u0646 = Xaniq\u00een<\/td><\/tr>
\u062f<\/td><\/td>= d<\/strong><\/td>\u062f\u0647\u06c6\u06a9 = Dihok<\/td><\/tr>
\u0631<\/td><\/td>= r<\/strong><\/td>\u0631\u06d5\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0632 = Rewandiz<\/td><\/tr>
\u0695<\/td><\/td>= r<\/strong>, rr<\/strong> (\u1e5b<\/strong>) 3<\/sup><\/td>\u0695\u06ce\u0628\u06cc\u0646 = R\u00eab\u00een, \u0695\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06a9 = R\u00fbnak<\/td><\/tr>
\u0632<\/td><\/td>= z<\/strong><\/td>\u0632\u0627\u062e\u06c6 = Zaxo, \u0633\u06d5\u0642\u0632 Seqiz<\/td><\/tr>
\u0698<\/td><\/td>= j<\/strong><\/td>\u0698\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u0646 = J\u00eeyan<\/td><\/tr>
\u0633<\/td><\/td>= s<\/strong><\/td>\u0633\u0644\u06ce\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc = Sil\u00eaman\u00ee<\/td><\/tr>
\u0634<\/td><\/td>= \u015f<\/strong><\/td>\u0634\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644 = \u015eingal<\/td><\/tr>
\u0639<\/td><\/td>= \u2019<\/strong><\/td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 = \u2019Adil<\/td><\/tr>
\u063a<\/td><\/td>= x<\/strong> v\u00f5i g<\/strong> (\u1e8d<\/strong>) 2<\/sup><\/td>\u063a\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0628 = Xer\u00eeb ~ Ger\u00eeb (\u1e8cer\u00eeb)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0641<\/td><\/td>= f<\/strong><\/td>\u0641\u06d5\u0648\u0632\u06cc = Fewz\u00ee<\/td><\/tr>
\u06a4<\/td><\/td>= v<\/strong><\/td>\u06a4\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 = Vazan<\/td><\/tr>
\u0642<\/td><\/td>= q<\/strong><\/td>\u0634\u06d5\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u06d5 = \u015eeqlawe, \u0642\u06d5\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0632\u06ce = Qeladz\u00ea<\/td><\/tr>
\u06a9<\/td><\/td>= k<\/strong><\/td>\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 = Kurdistan<\/td><\/tr>
\u06af<\/td><\/td>= g<\/strong><\/td>\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0627 = Gara<\/td><\/tr>
\u0644<\/td><\/td>= l<\/strong><\/td>\u0644\u06c6\u0631\u06ce = Lor\u00ea<\/td><\/tr>
\u06b5<\/td><\/td>= l<\/strong>, ll<\/strong> (\u0142<\/strong>) 3<\/sup><\/td>\u0634\u06b5\u06ce\u0631 = \u015ell\u00ear, \u06af\u0648\u06b5\u06d5 = Gule<\/td><\/tr>
\u0645<\/td><\/td>= m<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u06d5\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0648\u0631 = Mexm\u00fbr, \u0645\u0648\u0648\u0633\u0644 = M\u00fbsil<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646<\/td><\/td>= n<\/strong><\/td>\u0646\u06d5\u062e\u06d5\u062f\u06d5 = Nexede<\/td><\/tr>
\u0648<\/td><\/td>= w<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u06d5\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200e = Mer\u00eewan<\/td><\/tr>
\u0648<\/td>\u0626\u0648<\/td>= u<\/strong><\/td>\u0686\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0634 = \u00c7ukurta\u015f<\/td><\/tr>
\u06c6<\/td>\u0626\u06c6<\/td>= o<\/strong><\/td>\u06a9\u06c6\u06cc\u06d5 = Koye<\/td><\/tr>
\u0648\u0648<\/td>\u0626\u0648\u0648<\/td>= \u00fb<\/strong><\/td>\u06a9\u06d5\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u06a9 = Kerk\u00fbk, \u0626\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u06d5 = \u00dbrmiye<\/td><\/tr>
\u06be<\/td><\/td>= h<\/strong><\/td>\u06be\u06d5\u0648\u0644\u06ce\u0631 = Hewl\u00ear, \u0645\u06d5\u0647\u0648\u06cc = Mehw\u00ee<\/td><\/tr>
\u06d5<\/td>\u0626\u06d5<\/td>= e<\/strong><\/td>\u0633\u06d5\u0644\u06d5\u0647\u06d5\u062f\u06cc\u0646 = Selehed\u00een, \u0626\u06d5\u0645\u06cc\u0646 = Em\u00een<\/td><\/tr>
\u06cc<\/td><\/td>= y<\/strong><\/td>\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 = Kamyaran, \u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 = Yaran<\/td><\/tr>
\u06cc<\/td>\u0626\u06cc<\/td>= \u00ee<\/strong><\/td>\u0626\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0645 = \u00celam<\/td><\/tr>
\u06ce<\/td>\u0626\u06ce<\/td>= \u00ea<\/strong><\/td>\u06a9\u06ce\u0631\u06cc = K\u00ear\u00ee<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Teises veerus olevad vasted on kasutusel s\u00f5na alguses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Diakriitikuga t\u00e4hed on kasutusel juhul, kui tahetakse viidata araabia t\u00e4hele, muidu on kasutusel ilma diakriitikuta (\u1e27<\/em> asemel h<\/strong>, \u1e8d<\/em> asemel x<\/strong> v\u00f5i g<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Diakriitikuga t\u00e4hed on kasutusel h\u00e4\u00e4lduse t\u00e4psemaks m\u00e4rkimiseks, tavakirjaviisi nad ei kuulu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Muid m\u00e4rkusi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. L\u00fchikest i<\/strong>-d araabia kirjas ei m\u00e4rgita, nt \u06a9\u0641\u0631\u06cc = Kifr\u00ee, \u0644\u06c6\u0646 = Ilon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Kaash\u00e4\u00e4likute topeldust m\u00e4rgitakse ka kirjas, nt \u06af\u0648\u0644\u0644\u06ce = Gull\u00ea, \u0645\u0648\u062d\u06d5\u0645\u0645\u06d5\u062f = Muhemmed (Mu\u1e27emmed).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Araabia kirjaviis oli varem ebat\u00e4psem: \n
        \n
      • \u06cc m\u00e4rkis nii \u00ee<\/strong>-d kui ka \u00ea<\/strong>-d;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u0648 m\u00e4rkis nii u<\/strong>-d kui ka \u00fb<\/strong>-d;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • ei eristatud kahte r<\/em>-i ja kahte l<\/em>-i;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • a<\/em>-d m\u00e4rkis ka \u0622. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Sporaadiliselt esinevad kurdikeelses tekstis ka araabia t\u00e4hed \u062b (= araabia th<\/em>), \u0630 (= araabia dh<\/em>), \u0635 (= araabia \u015f<\/em>), \u0636 (= araabia \u1e11<\/em>), \u0637 (= araabia \u0163<\/em>), \u0638 (= araabia z\u0327<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Ladina kirjaviisi h\u00e4\u00e4ldus: c<\/strong> [d\u017e], \u00e7<\/strong> [t\u0161], e<\/strong> [\u00e4], \u00ea<\/strong> [ee], i<\/strong> [i] ~ [\u00f5], \u00ee<\/strong> [ii], j<\/strong> [\u017e], \u015f<\/strong> [\u0161], u<\/strong> [u], \u00fb<\/strong> [uu], x<\/strong> [h(h)], y<\/strong> [j].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • V\u00e4hesel m\u00e4\u00e4ral on kasutusel ka Kurdi Keele Akadeemia soovitatav yekgirt\u00fa<\/em> ehk kurdi \u00fchist\u00e4hestik, mille vastavused Hawari t\u00e4hestikuga (sulgudes) on j\u00e4rgmised: c<\/code> (= \u00e7), \u00e9<\/code> (= \u00ea), \u00ed<\/code> (= \u00ee), j<\/code> (= c), jh<\/code> (= j), ll<\/code> (= \u0142), rr<\/code> (= \u1e5b), sh<\/code> (= \u015f), \u00fa<\/code> (= \u00fb).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Kurdi muudes ladina t\u00e4hestiku versioonides v\u00f5ivad i<\/strong> ja \u00ee<\/strong> asemel esineda \u0131<\/code> ja i<\/code>, niisamuti a<\/strong> ja e<\/strong> asemel \u0101<\/code> ja a<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Kurdi keele araabia ja ladina kirjaviisi vastavused.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[893],"tags":[1743,1250],"class_list":["post-29870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tahetabelid","tag-kurdi-keel","tag-vastavustabel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29870"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29886,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29870\/revisions\/29886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}