{"id":29969,"date":"2026-09-05T19:11:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T16:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=29969"},"modified":"2026-09-10T13:07:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T10:07:58","slug":"haaldusjuhiseid-muud-aasia-ja-okeaania-keeled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/haaldusjuhiseid-muud-aasia-ja-okeaania-keeled\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e4\u00e4ldusjuhiseid: muud Aasia ja Okeaania keeled"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u00e4rgnevalt on esitatud nende keelte h\u00e4\u00e4ldusjuhiseid, mille nimede kohta ei ole omaette p\u00f5hjalikumat k\u00e4sitlust. Juhised on enamasti koostatud Gemini tehisaru abiga (v\u00f5ivad sisaldada vigu), v\u00f5imalust m\u00f6\u00f6da on juhiseid kontrollitud teistest allikatest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Omaette k\u00e4sitlusi Aasia ja Okeaania keelte h\u00e4\u00e4ldusest vt <a href=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/nimi\/eri-keelte-nimede-juhiseid\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"16\">nimejuhiste jaotises<\/a> olevatest araabia, armeenia, aserbaid\u017eaani, bengali, birma, filipiini, gruusia, heebrea, hiina, India (hindi), indoneesia, jaapani, khmeeri, kirgiisi, korea, lao, malai, mongoli, Hiina mongoli, Pakistani (urdu), p\u00e4rsia, singali, tad\u017eiki, tai, tamili, tiibeti, t\u00fcrkmeeni, uiguuri, usbeki ja vietnami nimede \u00fclevaadetest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">At\u0161ehi keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At\u0161ehi keelt (<em>Bahsa Ac\u00e8h<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Indoneesias Sumatra saare loodetipus Acehi autonoomses piirkonnas. Ladinat\u00e4heline kirjaviis k\u00e4ibib paralleelselt araabiakirjalisega. Standardset kirjaviisi ei ole, siinne on enam kasutatud ja on l\u00e4hedane indoneesia kirjaviisile. T\u00e4hestik: A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, Ny ny, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, W w, Y y. \u00dchendid jm erit\u00e4hed: <em>ch<\/em>, <em>dh<\/em>, <em>\u00e9<\/em>, <em>\u00e8<\/em>, <em>\u00eb<\/em>, <em>eu<\/em>, <em>gh<\/em>, <em>jh<\/em>, <em>kh<\/em>, <em>lh<\/em>, <em>mb<\/em>, <em>nd<\/em>, <em>ngg<\/em>, <em>nj<\/em>, <em>\u00f4<\/em>, <em>\u00f6<\/em>, <em>ph<\/em>, <em>rh<\/em>, <em>sh<\/em>, <em>th<\/em>, <em>u<\/em>. Laens\u00f5nades on ka F f, Q q, V v, X x, Z z, mida sageli asendatakse vastavalt <em>ph<\/em>, <em>k<\/em>, <em>bh<\/em>, <em>ks<\/em> ja <em>dh<\/em>-ga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>Vasted<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>c<\/strong><\/td><td>[tj]<\/td><td>Ac\u00e8h [atj\u00e4h]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>e<\/strong>, <strong>\u00eb<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u0259]<\/td><td>Ni\u00ebh [nj\u0259h]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><\/td><td>[e]<\/td><td>Singk\u00e9 [si\u014bke]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00e8<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00e4], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u025b]<\/td><td>M\u00e8dan [m\u00e4dan]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>j<\/strong><\/td><td>[dj]<\/td><td>Blang Kejeren [bla\u014b k\u0259dj\u0259r\u0259n]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>k<\/strong><\/td><td>[k], s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus k\u00f5risulg, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td><td>Lh\u00f4k Suk\u00f4n [lho\u0294 sukon]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>o<\/strong><\/td><td>lai [o], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0254]<\/td><td>Meulaboh [m\u00f5laboh]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00f4<\/strong><\/td><td>[o]<\/td><td>Bar\u00f4h [baroh]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00f6<\/strong><\/td><td>[a], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u028c]<\/td><td>Teung\u00f6h [t\u00f5\u014bah]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>y<\/strong><\/td><td>[j]<\/td><td>Gayo Lues [gajo lu\u0259s]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>eu<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00f5], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u026f]<\/td><td>Lhokseumaw\u00e8 [lhoks\u00f5maw\u00e4]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ng<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Teunggara [t\u00f5\u014bgara]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ny<\/strong><\/td><td>[nj]<\/td><td>Cut Nyak Meutia [tjut njak m\u00f5tia]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>q<\/strong><\/td><td>[k], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [q]<\/td><td>(ei esine omas\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>kh<\/strong><\/td><td>[h(h)]<\/td><td>(ei esine omas\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sy<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u0161]<\/td><td>(ei esine omas\u00f5nades)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u02bc<\/strong><\/td><td>(muudab j\u00e4rgneva h\u00e4\u00e4liku nasaalseks)<\/td><td>\u02bcu [u(n)]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fid\u017ei keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fid\u017ei keelt (<em>vosa Vaka-Viti<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Fid\u017ei saartel Okeaanias, kus ta on \u00fcks kolmest ametlikust keelest (inglise ja Fid\u017ei hindi keele k\u00f5rval). T\u00e4hestik: A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y. T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud v\u00f5ivad olla l\u00fchikesed v\u00f5i pikad, ent tavakirjaviisis see ei kajastu, \u00fcksnes \u00f5ppekirjanduses v\u00f5idakse pikki h\u00e4\u00e4likuid eristada pikkuskriipsu ehk makroni abil (\u0101, \u0113, \u012b, \u014d, \u016b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>b<\/strong><\/td><td>[(m)b]<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>Tubou [tu(m)bou]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>c<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00f0]<\/td><td>Cakaudrove [\u00f0akaudrofe]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>d<\/strong><\/td><td>[(n)d] <sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>Kadavu [ka(n)dafu]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>di<\/strong><\/td><td>[(n)d\u017ei]<\/td><td>Diba [(n)d\u017eina]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>g<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Nadroga [na(n)dro\u014ba]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>j<\/strong><\/td><td>[t\u0161] ~ [(n)d\u017e]<\/td><td>Josaia [(n)d\u017eosaja]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>nr<\/strong><\/td><td>[nd]<\/td><td>(nimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>q<\/strong><\/td><td>[(n)g]<\/td><td>(nimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ti<\/strong><\/td><td>[t\u0161i]<\/td><td>Viti [fit\u0161i]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>v<\/strong><\/td><td>[f] v\u00f5i <em>b<\/em>-ahtush\u00e4\u00e4lik, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u03b2]<\/td><td>Vanua [fanua]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>y<\/strong><\/td><td>[j] v\u00f5i ei h\u00e4\u00e4ldu<\/td><td>Yasawa [jasawa]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>z<\/strong><\/td><td>[(n)d\u017e]<\/td><td>(nimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Havai keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Havai keelt (<em>\u2018\u014dlelo Hawai\u2018i<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Hawaii saartel, mis on USA osariik. Keel on ohustatud, selle soravaid k\u00f5nelejaid on vaid m\u00f5nisada. Kasutatakse ladina kirja. T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute pikkust m\u00e4rgitakse pikkuskriipsu ehk makroniga (\u0101, \u0113, \u012b, \u014d, \u016b). T\u00e4hestik: A a, E e, I i, O o, U u, H h, K k, L l, M m, N n, P p, W w, \u02bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>w<\/strong><\/td><td>[w] v\u00f5i [v]<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u2018<\/strong><\/td><td>k\u00f5risulg, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td><td>Hawai\u2018i [hawai\u0294i]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00f5risulgu m\u00e4rkiv \u00fclakoma tuleks kirja panna koodiga U+02BB (m\u00f6\u00f6ndav ka U+2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kiribati keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kiribati keelt (<em>taetae ni Kiribati<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Vaikse ookeani Kiribati (endise nimega Gilberti) saartel. T\u00e4hestik: A a, Aa aa, B b, Bw bw, E e, Ee ee, I i, Ii ii, K k, M m, Mm mm, Mw mw, N n, Nn nn, Ng ng, Ngg ngg, O o, Oo oo, R r, T t, U u, Uu uu, W w. Kirjaviisis m\u00e4rgitakse pikki kaas- ja t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid kahe t\u00e4hega (<strong>ng<\/strong> on topeldumisel <strong>ngg<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>bw<\/strong><\/td><td>velariseeritud ehk <em>g<\/em>-varjundiga [p], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [p\u02e0]<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>mw<\/strong><\/td><td>velariseeritud ehk <em>g<\/em>-varjundiga [m], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [m\u02e0]<\/td><td>Mwaakin [m(g)aakin]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ng<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Abaiang [abaia\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ti<\/strong><\/td><td>[si], [s]<\/td><td>Kiritimati [kirisimas]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maldiivi keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maldiivi keelt k\u00f5neldakse Maldiivi saartel India ookeanis, ta on ametlik keel. Keelt pannakse kirja taana (<em>thaana<\/em>) kirjas, mida kirjutatakse paremalt vasakule, nagu araabia kirja. Maldiivi omaladina, mida ametlikult kasutatakse, tugineb suuresti inglise keele konventsioonidele, kasutusel on a, aa b, ch, d, dh, e, ee, ey, f, g, gn, h, i, j, k, l, lh, m, n, n&#8217;, o, oa, oo, p, r, s, sh, t, th, u, v, y, z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>aa<\/strong><\/td><td>[aa]<\/td><td>Maale [maale]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ch<\/strong><\/td><td>[t\u0161]<\/td><td>(nimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>dh<\/strong><\/td><td>[d]<\/td><td>Dhekunuburi [dekunuburi]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ee<\/strong><\/td><td>[ii]<\/td><td>Seedheehuraa [siidiihuraa]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ey<\/strong><\/td><td>[ee]<\/td><td>Veymandoo [veemanduu]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>gn<\/strong><\/td><td>[nj]<\/td><td>(nimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>j<\/strong><\/td><td>[d\u017e]<\/td><td>Jinnathugau [d\u017einnatugau]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>lh<\/strong><\/td><td>helitu [l]<\/td><td>Kolhumadulu [kolhumadulu]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>oa<\/strong><\/td><td>[oo]<\/td><td>Boahuraa [boohuraa]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>oo<\/strong><\/td><td>[uu]<\/td><td>Funadhoo [funaduu]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sh<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u0161]<\/td><td>Kulhudhuffushi [kulhudufu\u0161i]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>th<\/strong><\/td><td>[t]<\/td><td>Thinadhoo [tinaduu]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>y<\/strong><\/td><td>[j]<\/td><td>Lhaviyani [lhavijani]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vt ka<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/maldiivi-ladina-tahetabel\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"29893\">maldiivi-ladina t\u00e4hetabel<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maoori keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maoori keelt (<em>M\u0101ori<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Uus-Meremaal, see on \u00fcks ametlikest keeltest. Kirjaviisis m\u00e4rgitakse pikki t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid pikkuskriipsu ehk makroniga: \u0101, \u0113, \u012b, \u014d, \u016b. T\u00e4hestik on j\u00e4rgmine: A a, E e, H h, I i, K k, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, T t, U u, W w, Ng ng, Wh wh. R\u00f5hk on tavaliselt kas esimesel pika t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuga silbil v\u00f5i diftongiga silbil, nende puudumisel esimesel silbil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>ng<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Whang\u0101rei [fa\u014baarei]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>wh<\/strong><\/td><td>[f] v\u00f5i helitu [w], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0278]<\/td><td>Whakat\u016b [fakatuu]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Samoa keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Samoa keel (<em>Gagana fa\u2018a S\u0101moa<\/em>) on ametlik keel inglise keele k\u00f5rval nii Samoas (endises L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Samoas) kui ka Ameerika Samoas. T\u00e4hestik: A a, E e, I i, O o, U u, F f, G g, L l, M m, N n, P p, S s, T t, V v, H h, K k, R r, \u2018. T\u00e4hed H, K, R esinevad laens\u00f5nades. Pikki t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid m\u00e4rgitakse pikkuskriipsu ehk makroniga: \u0100, \u0112, \u012a, \u014c, \u016a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>g<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Pago Pago [pa\u014bo pa\u014bo]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2018<\/td><td>k\u00f5risulg, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td><td>Savai\u2018i [savai\u0294i]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00f5risulgu m\u00e4rkiv \u00fclakoma tuleks kirja panna koodiga U+02BB (m\u00f6\u00f6ndav ka U+2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tahiti keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tahiti keelt k\u00f5neldakse Prantsuse Pol\u00fcneesias Seltsisaartel, see on Pol\u00fcneesia enim k\u00f5neldud keeli. T\u00e4hestik: A a, E e, F f, H h, I i, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, T t, U u, V v, \u2018. Pikki t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid m\u00e4rgitakse pikkuskriipsu ehk makroniga (\u0101, \u0113, \u012b, \u014d, \u016b). R\u00f5hk langeb tavaliselt eelviimasele silbile, kuid kui on pikki t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid, siis sellele silbile, kus on pikad h\u00e4\u00e4likud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>f<\/strong><\/td><td>helitu [w], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0278] <strong>o<\/strong> ja <strong>u<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td><td>Ofai [owhai]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>h<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u0161] <strong>i<\/strong> j\u00e4rel ning <strong>o<\/strong> ja <strong>u<\/strong> ees<\/td><td>Hina [\u0161ina]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>v<\/strong><\/td><td>helitu [w], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0278] <strong>o<\/strong> ja <strong>u<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td><td>Moearava [moearawa]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u2018<\/strong><\/td><td>k\u00f5risulg, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td><td>Pape\u2018ete [pape\u0294ete]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dclakoma kuju pole tahiti keeles v\u00e4ga rangelt ette kirjutatud. Teiste Pol\u00fcneesia keele eeskujul on sageli kasutusel p\u00f6\u00f6rd\u00fclakoma, nn 6kujuline \u00fclakoma (mille kood t\u00e4hena on \u02bb U+02BB, kirjavahem\u00e4rgina \u2018 U+2018), ent k\u00fcllalt sageli n\u00e4eb ka tavalist \u00fclakoma, nii sirgena kui ka 9kujulisena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tonga keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tonga keelt (<em>lea faka-Tonga<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Tonga saartel Pol\u00fcneesias. (Tonga keele nimetus on mitmem\u00f5tteline, samanimelisi keeli on kokku v\u00e4hemalt viis, neist kolm Aafrikas.) T\u00e4hestik on j\u00e4rgmine: A a (\u0100 \u0101), E e, F f, H h, I i, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ng ng, O o, P p, S s, T t, U u, V v, \u02bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>Na\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0101<\/strong><\/td><td>[aa]<\/td><td>S\u0101lote [saalote]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ng<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Tongatapu [to\u014batapu]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u2018<\/strong><\/td><td>k\u00f5risulg, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td><td>Ha\u2018apai [ha\u0294apai]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vanas kirjaviisis (kuni 1943) oli <em>ng<\/em> asemel <code>g<\/code>; <em>p<\/em> asemel <code>b<\/code>; <em>s<\/em>-i asemel m\u00f5nikord <code>j<\/code>. K\u00f5risulgu m\u00e4rkiv \u00fclakoma tuleks kirja panna koodiga U+02BB (m\u00f6\u00f6ndav ka U+2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u0161amorro keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0161amorro keelt (<em>Fino&#8217; CHamoru<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Vaikses ookeanis Guami saarel, mis on USA valdus. Kuigi Guami ametlik keel, on tema kasutamine aegade jooksul k\u00f5vasti v\u00e4henenud ning ta on ohustatud keel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e4hestik: \u2019, A a, \u00c5 \u00e5, B b, CH ch, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, K k, L l, M m, N n, \u00d1 \u00f1, NG ng, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Y y. T\u00e4he\u00fchendid: <em>gw<\/em>, <em>pw<\/em>. Nimedes esinevad ka <em>c<\/em>, <em>j<\/em>, <em>ll<\/em>, <em>q<\/em>, <em>rr<\/em>, <em>v<\/em>, <em>w<\/em>, <em>z<\/em>. R\u00f5hk on t\u0161amorro nimedes tavaliselt eelviimasel silbil, teistsugune r\u00f5hk on m\u00e4rgendatud akuudiga (\u00b4). \u00dcks huvitav joon t\u0161amorro ortograafias on reegel, et kui nimi algab kahe t\u00e4he \u00fchendiga, mis m\u00e4rgib \u00fcht h\u00e4\u00e4likut, kirjutatakse m\u00f5lemad suure t\u00e4hega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>Vasted<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u2019<\/strong><\/td><td>k\u00f5risulg, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td><td>Malesso&#8217; [mal\u00b7esso\u0294]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>a<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00e4]<\/td><td>Hag\u00e5t\u00f1a [h\u00e4g\u00b7atnj\u00e4]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00e5<\/strong><\/td><td>[a]<\/td><td>Hum\u00e5tak [hum\u00b7at\u00e4k]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ch<\/strong><\/td><td>[ts]<\/td><td>CH\u00e5lan P\u00e5gu [tsal\u00e4n pagu]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u00f1<\/strong><\/td><td>[nj]<\/td><td>Yo\u2019\u00f1a [dzo\u0294nj\u00e4]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ng<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Tamuneng [tam\u00b7une\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>y<\/strong><\/td><td>[dz]<\/td><td>Yina [dzin\u00e4]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u0161uangi keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0161uangi keelt (<em>Vahcuengh<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Hiina l\u00f5unaosas Guangxi T\u0161uangi autonoomses piirkonnas. Kireva murdetaustaga keelena (ISO keelekoodide standard loetleb \u00fcle k\u00fcmne keelekuju) ei ole t\u0161uangide \u00fchiskirjakeelel (<em>Vahcuengh Biucinj<\/em>) nii suurt kaalu nagu teistes autonoomsetes piirkondades (mongoli, tiibeti, uiguuri). Kirjakeeles kasutatakse ladina kirja, mis on 1982. a-st \u00fcles ehitatud ladina t\u00e4hestikule ilma diakriitikuteta. See on kohati \u00fcsna tinglik, eriti toonide puhul, mida m\u00e4rgitakse silbi l\u00f5ppu lisatud tummade t\u00e4htede abil. T\u00e4hestik: kaash\u00e4\u00e4likud B b, D d, G g, C c, By by, Mb mb, Nd nd, Gv gv, Y y, Gy gy, M m, N n, Ng ng, Ny ny, My my, F f, S s, H h, Ngv ngv, V v, L l, R r; t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud A a, I i, U u, E e, O o, Oe oe, Ae ae, W w ja tooni m\u00e4rkivad t\u00e4hed Z z, J j, X x, Q q, H h.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toone m\u00e4rgitakse j\u00e4rgmiselt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>keskmine t\u00f5usev \u2013 m\u00e4rgita, nt <code>son<\/code> &#8216;\u00f5petama&#8217;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>madal langev \u2013 <strong>z<\/strong>, nt <code>mwngz<\/code> &#8216;sina&#8217;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k\u00f5rge \u00fchtlane \u2013 <strong>j<\/strong>, nt <code>hwnj<\/code> &#8216;\u00fcles t\u00f5usma&#8217;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>keskk\u00f5rge langev \u2013 <strong>x<\/strong>, nt <code>max<\/code> &#8216;hobune&#8217;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k\u00f5rge t\u00f5usev \u2013 <strong>q<\/strong>, nt <code>gvaq<\/code> &#8216;m\u00f6\u00f6duma&#8217;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>keskmine \u00fchtlane \u2013 <strong>h<\/strong>, nt <code>dah<\/code> &#8216;j\u00f5gi&#8217;..<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Allpool on koodaks nimetatud silbil\u00f5pu kaash\u00e4\u00e4likut (<strong>m<\/strong>, <strong>n<\/strong>, <strong>ng<\/strong>, <strong>k<\/strong>, <strong>p<\/strong>, <strong>t<\/strong>, <strong>g<\/strong>, <strong>b<\/strong>, <strong>d<\/strong>). Kui silbi l\u00f5pus on <strong>b<\/strong>, <strong>d<\/strong>, <strong>g<\/strong>, siis on t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik pikk; kui l\u00f5pus on <strong>k<\/strong>, <strong>p<\/strong>, <strong>t<\/strong>, siis on l\u00fchike. Lisaks: <strong>v<\/strong>-l\u00f5pulised \u00fchendid <strong>gv<\/strong>, <strong>ngv<\/strong>, n\u00e4itavad labialiseeritud h\u00e4\u00e4likuid, <strong>y<\/strong>-l\u00f5pulised \u00fchendid <strong>by<\/strong>, <strong>gy<\/strong>, <strong>my<\/strong>, <strong>ny<\/strong> on palataliseeritud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>a<\/strong><\/td><td>[aa] kooda ees, [a] ilma koodata<\/td><td>Dasinh Hen [tasin hen]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ae<\/strong><\/td><td>[a] kooda ees<\/td><td>Baksaek [paaksak]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>b<\/strong><\/td><td>[p]<\/td><td>Sinhbinh [sinpin]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>c<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u0161j], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0255]<\/td><td>Cungzcoj [\u0161ju\u014b\u0161jo]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>d<\/strong><\/td><td>[t]<\/td><td>Dahcangzgyangh [ta\u0161ja\u014bkja\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>g<\/strong><\/td><td>[k]<\/td><td>Yoglinz [jooklin]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>h<\/strong><\/td><td>[h]<\/td><td>Hozciz [ho\u0161ji]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>=<\/td><td>(toonim\u00e4rk: 6. toon)<\/td><td>Bahmax [pama]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>j<\/strong><\/td><td>(toonim\u00e4rk, 3. toon)<\/td><td>Baekhaij [pakhai]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>k<\/strong> <sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>[-k]<\/td><td>Bak [pak]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>mb<\/strong><\/td><td>implosiivne [b], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0253]<\/td><td>Mbanj [ban], Mbouz [bou]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>nd<\/strong><\/td><td>implosiivne [d], <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0257]<\/td><td>Ndwi [d\u00f5i], Ndaengz [daa\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ng<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Fonghsan [foo\u014bsan], Dienhngoz [tien\u014bo]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>oe<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00f6]<\/td><td>Oengh [\u00f6\u014b], Coenz [\u0161j\u00f6n]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>p<\/strong> <sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>[-p]<\/td><td>Cap [\u0161jap]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>q<\/strong><\/td><td>(toonim\u00e4rk: 5. toon)<\/td><td>Gvaq [kwa], Seiq [\u03b8ei]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>r<\/strong><\/td><td><em>g<\/em>-ahtush\u00e4\u00e4lik, <kbd>IPA<\/kbd> [\u0263]<\/td><td>Ranz [gan], Rongh [go\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>s<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u03b8]<\/td><td>Sonj [\u03b8on], Siz [\u03b8i]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>t<\/strong> <sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>[-t]<\/td><td>Bat [pat]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ue<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00f5\u00f5]<\/td><td>Cuengh [\u0161j\u00f5\u00f5\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>v<\/strong><\/td><td>[w]<\/td><td>Gveigangj [kweika\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>w<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00f5]<\/td><td>Ginhcwngzgyan [kin\u0161j\u00f5\u014bkjan]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>x<\/strong><\/td><td>(toonim\u00e4rk: 4. toon)<\/td><td>Mouxsien [mou\u03b8jen]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>z<\/strong><\/td><td>(toonim\u00e4rk: 2. toon)<\/td><td>Namzningz [namni\u014b], Leizbingz [leipi\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Need t\u00e4hed saavad olla \u00fcksnes silbi l\u00f5pus, m\u00e4rkides, et eelnev t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik on l\u00fchike.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lahtises silbis, samuti <strong>m<\/strong>, <strong>n<\/strong>, <strong>ng<\/strong>-ga l\u00f5ppevates silpides m\u00e4rgitakse toonit\u00e4ht silbi j\u00e4rele, k\u00f5ik kuus tooni on v\u00f5imalikud. Kinnised, sulgh\u00e4\u00e4likuga l\u00f5ppevad silbid v\u00f5ivad olla kahes toonis: k\u00f5rges katketoonis (silbi l\u00f5pus on <strong>p<\/strong>, <strong>t<\/strong>, <strong>k<\/strong>) v\u00f5i keskmises katketoonis (silbi l\u00f5pus on <strong>b<\/strong>, <strong>d<\/strong>, <strong>g<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vanas, 1957. a kirjaviisis olid kasutusel osalt k\u00fcrillilised t\u00e4hed. Neid saab teisendada n\u00fc\u00fcdiskirjaviisi j\u00e4rgmiselt: <code>\u018f \u0259<\/code> \u2192 <strong>Ae ae<\/strong>, <code>\u0182 \u0183<\/code> \u2192 <strong>Mb mb<\/strong>, <code>\u018b \u018c<\/code> \u2192 <strong>Nd nd<\/strong>, <code>\u0184 \u0185<\/code> \u2192 <strong>H h<\/strong> (toonim\u00e4rgina), <code>\ua7ab \u025c<\/code> \u2192 <strong>J j<\/strong>, <code>\u019f \u0275<\/code> \u2192 <strong>Oe oe<\/strong>, <code>\u01bc \u01bd<\/code> \u2192 <strong>Q q<\/strong>, <code>\u019c \u026f<\/code> \u2192 <strong>W w<\/strong>, <code>\u0427 \u0447<\/code> \u2192 <strong>X x<\/strong>, <code>\u01a7 \u01a8<\/code> \u2192 <strong>Z z<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tuvalu keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuvalu keelt (<em>Te Ggana Tuuvalu<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Vaikse ookeani Tuvalu saartel (endistel Ellice&#8217;i saartel), see on Tuvalu ametlik keel inglise k\u00f5rval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e4hestik: A a, E e, I i, O o, U u, F f, G g, H h, K k, L l, M m, N n, P p, S s, T t, V v. Tuvalu keele kirjaviisis on vaid \u00fcks t\u00e4ht, mille h\u00e4\u00e4ldusele t\u00e4helepanu juhtida. Lisaks on apostroof, mille kasutamine s\u00f5na alguses toob kaasa kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku topeldumise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>Vasted<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>g<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>ggana [\u014bana], Nanumaga [nanuma\u014ba]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u02bcn<\/strong> (v\u00f5i muu kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik)<\/td><td>[nn] s\u00f5na alguses<\/td><td>\u02bcnoho [nnoho]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Koostanud Peeter P\u00e4ll.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At\u0161ehi, fid\u017ei, havai, kiribati, maldiivi, maoori, samoa, tahiti, tonga, t\u0161amorro, t\u0161uangi, tuvalu keel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[751],"tags":[1746,1756,577,1747,1748,1744,1754,1755,1749,1753,1750,1751,1752],"class_list":["post-29969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eri-keelte-nimede-juhiseid","tag-atsehi-keel","tag-fidzi-keel","tag-haaldus","tag-havai-keel","tag-kiribati-keel","tag-maldiivi-keel","tag-maoori-keel","tag-samoa-keel","tag-tahiti-keel","tag-tonga-keel","tag-tsamorro-keel","tag-tsuangi-keel","tag-tuvalu-keel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29969"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30093,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29969\/revisions\/30093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}