{"id":29987,"date":"2026-09-06T15:39:39","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T12:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/?p=29987"},"modified":"2026-09-06T17:55:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T14:55:54","slug":"haaldusjuhiseid-muud-ameerika-keeled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/haaldusjuhiseid-muud-ameerika-keeled\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e4\u00e4ldusjuhiseid: muud Ameerika keeled"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

J\u00e4rgnevalt on esitatud nende keelte h\u00e4\u00e4ldusjuhiseid, mille nimede kohta ei ole omaette p\u00f5hjalikumat k\u00e4sitlust. Juhised on enamasti koostatud Gemini tehisaru abiga (v\u00f5ivad sisaldada vigu), v\u00f5imalust m\u00f6\u00f6da on juhiseid kontrollitud teistest allikatest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Omaette k\u00e4sitlusi Ameerika keelte h\u00e4\u00e4ldusest vt nimejuhiste jaotises<\/a> olevatest hispaania, inglise ja portugali nimede \u00fclevaadetest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aimara keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aimara keelt k\u00f5neldakse Peruus ja Boliivias, kus ta on \u00fcks ametlikest keeltest, k\u00f5nelejaid on ka T\u0161iilis ja Argentinas. Aimara t\u00e4hestik (1984 Boliivias ja 1985 Peruus heaks kiidetud \u00fchist\u00e4hestik) on j\u00e4rgmine: A a, \u00c4 \u00e4, Ch ch, Ch’ ch’, Chh chh, I i, \u00cf \u00ef, J j, K k, K’ k’, Kh kh, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, \u00d1 \u00f1, P p, P’ p’, Ph ph, Q q, Q’q’, Qh qh, R r, S s, T t, T’ t’, Th th, U u, \u00dc \u00fc, W w, X x, Y y. Sulgh\u00e4\u00e4likutel ja afrikaatidel on kolm sarja: helitud k<\/strong>, p<\/strong>, t<\/strong>, q<\/strong>, ch<\/strong>, aspiraadid ehk h\u00f5ngush\u00e4\u00e4likud kh<\/strong>, ph<\/strong>, th<\/strong>, qh<\/strong> ja chh<\/strong> ja ejektiivid ehk suruh\u00e4\u00e4likud k’<\/strong>, p’<\/strong>, t’<\/strong>, q’<\/strong> ja ch’<\/strong>. T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku pikkust n\u00e4itavad t\u00e4pid t\u00e4he peal: \u00e4<\/strong>, \u00ef<\/strong>, \u00fc<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
ch<\/strong><\/td>[t\u0161]<\/td>Chuqisaka [t\u0161ukisaka]<\/td><\/tr>
j<\/strong><\/td>[h(h)], IPA<\/kbd> [x]<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
ll<\/strong><\/td>[lj], IPA<\/kbd> [\u028e]<\/td>Kallao [kaljao]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00f1<\/strong><\/td>[nj], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0272]<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
q<\/strong><\/td>[k], IPA<\/kbd> [q]<\/td>Apurimaq [apurimak]<\/td><\/tr>
x<\/strong><\/td>[h(h)], IPA<\/kbd> [\u03c7]<\/td>M\u00efxiku [miihhiku]<\/td><\/tr>
y<\/strong><\/td>[j]<\/td>Wankayu [wankaju]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00f6\u00f6ni keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00f6\u00f6ni keelt (kalaallisut<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Gr\u00f6\u00f6nimaal, Taani omavalitsuslikul alal. 1973. a-st kehtib uus kirjaviis, milles pole diakriitilisi m\u00e4rke. Gr\u00f6\u00f6ni t\u00e4hestik on j\u00e4rgmine: A a, E e, F f, G g, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v; laens\u00f5nades on veel kasutusel B b, C c, D d, H h, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, \u00c6 \u00e6, \u00d8 \u00f8, \u00c5 \u00e5. Pikki t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid ja kaash\u00e4\u00e4likuid m\u00e4rgitakse kahe t\u00e4hega. R\u00f5hk jaotub \u00fchtlaselt mitmele silbile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
g<\/strong><\/td>g<\/em>-ahtush\u00e4\u00e4lik, IPA<\/kbd> [\u0263] t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel<\/td>Eqalugaarsuit [ekalugaarsuit]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[h], IPA<\/kbd> [x] kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku k\u00f5rval<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
ll<\/strong><\/td>helitu [l], IPA<\/kbd> [\u026c]<\/td>Illorsuit [ihlorsuit]<\/td><\/tr>
ng<\/strong><\/td>[\u014b]<\/td>Kangaamiut [ka\u014baamiut]<\/td><\/tr>
q<\/strong><\/td>[k], IPA<\/kbd> [q]<\/td>Ittoqqortoormiit [ittokkortoormiit]<\/td><\/tr>
r<\/strong><\/td>[r], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0281]<\/td>Kangerlussuaq [kangerlussuak]<\/td><\/tr>
ti<\/strong><\/td>[tsi]<\/td>Tiniteqilaat [tsinitekilaat]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vanas kirjaviisis oli diakriitilisi m\u00e4rke, nt Kalaallit Nunaat oli kirjutatud Kal\u00e2tdlit Nun\u00e2t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guaranii keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Guaranii keelt (ava\u00f1e’\u1ebd<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Paraguays, kus ta on ametlik keel, v\u00e4hesel m\u00e4\u00e4ral ka naaberriikides Argentinas, Boliivias (\u00fcks ametlikke keeli seal) ja Brasiilias. Guaranii t\u00e4hestik on j\u00e4rgmine: A a, \u00c3 \u00e3, Ch ch, E e, \u1ebc \u1ebd, G g, G\u0303 g\u0303, H h, I i, \u0128 \u0129, J j, K k, L l, M m, Mb mb, N n, Nd nd, Nt nt, \u00d1 \u00f1, O o, \u00d5 \u00f5, P p, R r, Rr rr, S s, T t, U u, \u0168 \u0169, V v, Y y, Y\u0303 y\u0303, ‘. Tildega t\u00e4hed (\u00e3<\/strong>, \u1ebd<\/strong>, \u0129<\/strong>, \u00f5<\/strong>, y\u0303<\/strong>) m\u00e4rgivad nasaalseid ehk ninah\u00e4\u00e4likuid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
ch<\/strong><\/td>[\u0161], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0283] v\u00f5i [\u0255]<\/td>Chandei [\u0161andei]<\/td><\/tr>
g\u0303<\/strong><\/td>[\u014b]<\/td>G\u0303uayva [\u014buaiva]<\/td><\/tr>
j<\/strong><\/td>[j] v\u00f5i [d\u017e]<\/td>Jeroky [d\u017eerok\u00f5]<\/td><\/tr>
ng<\/strong><\/td>[(\u014b)g]<\/td>Angatupyry [a(\u014b)gatup\u00f5r\u00f5]<\/td><\/tr>
rr<\/strong><\/td>[r] 1<\/sup><\/td>(omas\u00f5nades ei esine)<\/td><\/tr>
y<\/strong><\/td>[\u00f5], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0268]<\/td>\u00d1e’\u1ebdmbuku<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. rr<\/em> m\u00e4rgib n\u00f6 p\u00f5risevat r<\/em>-i, samas kui r<\/em> on vaid \u00fchekordne, IPA<\/kbd> [\u027e], nagu nt inglise keeles.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Ket\u0161ua keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Ket\u0161ua keelt (Qhichwa<\/em> ~ Runa simi<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Ladina-Ameerikas Peruus, Ecuadoris ja Boliivias \u2013 neis riikides on tal ka ametliku keele staatus. Ket\u0161ua t\u00e4hestik Peruus on j\u00e4rgmine: A a, Ch ch, H h, I i, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, \u00d1 \u00f1, P p, Q q, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y. Boliivias ja Ecuadoris tarvitatakse h<\/strong>-t\u00e4he asemel j<\/strong>-i, sest h<\/strong> on kasutusel h\u00f5ngush\u00e4\u00e4likute (kh<\/strong>, ph<\/strong>, th<\/strong>, chh<\/strong>, qh<\/strong>) eristamiseks. Neis maades kasutatakse ka suruh\u00e4\u00e4likute ehk ejektiivide eristamiseks \u00fclakoma (k’<\/strong>, p’<\/strong>, t’<\/strong>, ch’<\/strong>, q’<\/strong>). Tavaliselt eristatakse kolme t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likut (a<\/strong>, i<\/strong>, u<\/strong>), aga k\u00f5nekeeles teatud positsioonides ja eri keelekujudes on ka e<\/strong> ja o<\/strong>. Nimedes ja laens\u00f5nades esinevad ka b, c, d, f, g, j, v, x, z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    ch<\/strong><\/td>[t\u0161]<\/td>Ayakuchu [ajakut\u0161u]<\/td><\/tr>
    ll<\/strong><\/td>[lj], IPA<\/kbd> [\u028e]<\/td>Qallaw [kaljau]<\/td><\/tr>
    \u00f1<\/strong><\/td>[nj], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0272]<\/td>(nimedes harv)<\/td><\/tr>
    q<\/strong><\/td>[k], IPA<\/kbd> [q]<\/td>Qusqu [kusku]<\/td><\/tr>
    y<\/strong><\/td>[j]<\/td>Amarumayu [amarumaju]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Nahua keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Nahua ehk asteegi keelt (Nawatlahtolli<\/em>, Nahuatl<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Mehhikos. Nahua uue kirjaviisi t\u00e4hestik (1950) on j\u00e4rgmine: A a, Ch ch, E e, I i, H h, K k, Kw kw, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, S s, T t, Tl tl, Ts ts, U u, X x, Y y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    ch<\/strong><\/td>[t\u0161]<\/td>Chimalpopoka [t\u0161imalpopoka]<\/td><\/tr>
    h<\/strong><\/td>k\u00f5risulg, IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td>Akatlah [akatlha\u0294]<\/td><\/tr>
    tl<\/strong><\/td>[tlh], IPA<\/kbd> [t\u026c]<\/td>Atlakoatl [atlhakoatlh]<\/td><\/tr>
    x<\/strong><\/td>[\u0161]<\/td>Xochipilli [\u0161ot\u0161ipilli]<\/td><\/tr>
    y<\/strong><\/td>[j]<\/td>Xianya [\u0161ianja]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Navaho keel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Navaho keelt (Din\u00e9 bizaad<\/em> v\u00f5i Naabeeh\u00f3 bizaad<\/em>) k\u00f5neldakse Ameerika \u00dchendriikides selle edelaosas. See on P\u00f5hja-Ameerikas k\u00f5ige suurema k\u00f5nelejaskonnaga indiaani keel. Navaho n\u00fc\u00fcdiskirjaviis p\u00e4rineb aastast 1939 ja selle t\u00e4hestik on j\u00e4rgmine: A a, B b, Ch ch, Ch’ ch’, D d, Dl d, Dz dz, E e, G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, I i, J j, K k, K’ k’, Kw kw, L l, \u0141 \u0142, M m, N n, O o, S s, Sh sh, T t, T’ t’, T\u0142 t\u0142, T\u0142’ t\u0142’, Ts ts, Ts’ ts’, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zh zh. Kaash\u00e4\u00e4likute hulgas on sulgh\u00e4\u00e4likud ja afrikaadid, mille seast saab eristada kolme r\u00fchma: helitud (b<\/strong>, d<\/strong>, g<\/strong>), h\u00f5ngush\u00e4\u00e4likud ehk aspiraadid (k<\/strong>, t<\/strong>) ja suruh\u00e4\u00e4likud ehk ejektiivid (m\u00e4rgitud \u00fclakomaga: t’<\/strong>, k’<\/strong>). Pikki t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid kirjutatakse kahe t\u00e4hega. Nasaalseid t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuid m\u00e4rgib \u02db t\u00e4he all (\u0105<\/strong>, \u0119<\/strong>, \u012f<\/strong>, \u01eb<\/strong>, \u0173<\/strong>). Navaho keeles on neli tooni: k\u00f5rge, t\u00f5usev, langev ja madal. K\u00f5rget tooni m\u00e4rgib akuut t\u00e4he peal (\u00e1<\/strong>, \u00e9<\/strong> jne), madalat tooni ei m\u00e4rgita. T\u00f5usev ja langev toon v\u00f5ivad esineda vaid pika t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likuga silbis. Kui mitme t\u00e4he \u00fchendis on akuudiga viimane t\u00e4ht (a\u00e1<\/strong>, aa\u00ed<\/strong>), siis on tegu t\u00f5usva tooniga; kui aga esimene t\u00e4ht (\u00e1a<\/strong>, \u00e9e<\/strong> jne), siis on tegu langeva tooniga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    b<\/strong><\/td>[p]<\/td>Bit\u0142\u2019\u00e1\u00e1h Bito\u2019 [pitlhaah pitho]<\/td><\/tr>
    ch<\/strong><\/td>[t\u0161]<\/td>T\u2019iis Nitsaa Ch\u2019\u00e9\u00e9l\u012f\u0301 [tiis nitsaa t\u0161eeli]<\/td><\/tr>
    d<\/strong><\/td>[t]<\/td>Ts\u00e9\u0142gaii Deez\u2019\u00e1h\u00ed [tselhkaii teez\u0294ahi]<\/td><\/tr>
    dl<\/strong><\/td>[tlh], IPA<\/kbd> [t\u026c]<\/td>Han\u00e1\u00e1dl\u012f\u0301 [hanaatlhi]<\/td><\/tr>
    dz<\/strong><\/td>[ts]<\/td>Ah\u00e9\u00e9h\u00e1sh\u012f\u0301\u012f\u0301h Hahoodzo [aheeha\u0161ii(n)h hahootso]<\/td><\/tr>
    g<\/strong><\/td>[k]<\/td>Bis Doot\u0142\u2019izh \u0143deeshgiizh [pis tootlhi\u017e ntee\u0161kii\u017e]<\/td><\/tr>
    gh<\/strong><\/td>g<\/em>-ahtush\u00e4\u00e4lik, IPA<\/kbd> [\u0263]<\/td>S\u00e9i Bee Hooghan [sei pee hoogan]<\/td><\/tr>
    j<\/strong><\/td>[t\u0161]<\/td>T\u00f3 Hajiileeh\u00e9 [tho hat\u0161ileehe]<\/td><\/tr>
    k<\/strong><\/td>[kh]<\/td>Kinteel [khintheel]<\/td><\/tr>
    \u0142<\/strong><\/td>helitu [l], IPA<\/kbd> [\u026c]<\/td>Ts\u00e9 \u2019A\u0142n\u00e1ozt\u2019i\u2019\u00ed [tse alhnaosti\u0294i]<\/td><\/tr>
    sh<\/strong><\/td>[\u0161]<\/td>Shash Bitoo [\u0161a\u0161 pithoo]<\/td><\/tr>
    t<\/strong><\/td>[th]<\/td>Tsinaab\u0105\u0105s Habitiin [tsinaapaa(n)s habithiin]<\/td><\/tr>
    x<\/strong><\/td>[h], [h(h)]<\/td>T\u00f3 Hwiisx\u00edn\u00ed [tho hwiishini]<\/td><\/tr>
    y<\/strong><\/td>[j]<\/td>Yaa Niilk\u2019id [jaa niilkit]<\/td><\/tr>
    zh<\/strong><\/td>[\u017e]<\/td>Na\u2019n\u00ed\u2019\u00e1 Hay\u00e1zh\u00ed [na\u0294ni\u0294a haja\u017ei]<\/td><\/tr>
    \u2019<\/strong><\/td>k\u00f5risulg, IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td>Na\u2019ash\u01eb\u0301\u2019iito\u2019\u00ed [na\u0294a\u0161o\u0294iitho\u0294i]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Koostanud Peeter P\u00e4ll.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Aimara, gr\u00f6\u00f6ni, guaranii, ket\u0161ua, nahua, navaho keel. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[751],"tags":[1757,1758,1759,577,1760,1761,1762],"class_list":["post-29987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eri-keelte-nimede-juhiseid","tag-aimara-keel","tag-grooni-keel","tag-guaranii-keel","tag-haaldus","tag-ketsua-keel","tag-nahua-keel","tag-navaho-keel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29987"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30015,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29987\/revisions\/30015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}