{"id":3553,"date":"2021-08-21T04:58:10","date_gmt":"2021-08-21T01:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/193.40.33.167\/teatmik\/?p=3553"},"modified":"2024-12-28T05:54:21","modified_gmt":"2024-12-28T03:54:21","slug":"kreeka-nimed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/kreeka-nimed\/","title":{"rendered":"Kreeka nimed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indoeuroopa keelkonda omaette haruna kuuluv kreeka keel (\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac <em>ellinik\u00e1<\/em>) on ametikeel Kreekas ja kaasametlik keel K\u00fcprosel. Kreeka keele k\u00f5nelejaid on ka Albaanias, Itaalias, T\u00fcrgis jm. Kreeka keele all m\u00f5eldakse kas vanakreeka v\u00f5i uuskreeka keelt. Esimene k\u00e4ibis Vana-Kreekas ja B\u00fctsantsis, tinglikuks l\u00f5puks loetakse aastat 1453 (Konstantinoopoli langemine), kuid arhaiseeriva kreeka keele kasutamine on j\u00e4tkunud peamiselt akadeemilises kontekstis kuni t\u00e4nap\u00e4evani. Uuskreeka keelel on pikka aega olnud kaks v\u00f5istlevat kuju: vanakreeka keele p\u00f5hjale toetuv <em>kathar\u00e9vousa<\/em> (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 &#8216;puhastav (keel)&#8217;) ja tegelikule \u00fchiskeelele tuginev <em>dimotik\u00ed<\/em> (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 &#8216;rahvakeel&#8217;). Kahe keelekuju erinevused avaldusid nii nimel\u00f5ppudes (sh <em>kath<\/em>. \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2\/Ell\u00e1s ja <em>dim<\/em>. \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\/Ell\u00e1da &#8216;Kreeka&#8217;) kui ka kirjaviisis (<em>kathar\u00e9vousa<\/em>&#8216;s oli kolm r\u00f5hum\u00e4rki nagu vanakreekas, <em>dimotik\u00ed<\/em>&#8216;s ainult \u00fcks). Kreeka riigi taastekkides 1830. aastatest oli ametlik <em>kathar\u00e9vousa<\/em>, aastast 1976 on ametlik kirjakeel <em>dimotik\u00ed<\/em>. 1982 kehtestati kolme r\u00f5hum\u00e4rgi asemel \u00fcks ja kaotati ka h\u00f5ngused. (Kahe keelekuju konkurents on tuntud &#8220;kreeka keele k\u00fcsimusena&#8221;, pikema \u00fclevaate saab <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_language_question\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ingliskeelse Wikipedia artiklist<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjutus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kreeka keel kasutab oma kirja, mis on k\u00e4ibel alates 8. sajandist eKr, m\u00e4rgid on tuletatud foiniikia kirjast. Kreeka t\u00e4hestik:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"tahelepanu-block_b52f6cb0fac3bdba5c09d6f6e82346a5\" class=\"tahelepanu\">\r\n\r\n   <p>\u0391 \u03b1, \u0392 \u03b2, \u0393 \u03b3, \u0394 \u03b4, \u0395 \u03b5, \u0396 \u03b6, \u0397 \u03b7, \u0398 \u03b8, \u0399 \u03b9, \u039a \u03ba, \u039b \u03bb, \u039c \u03bc, \u039d \u03bd, \u039e \u03be, \u039f \u03bf, \u03a0 \u03c0, \u03a1 \u03c1, \u03a3 \u03c3\/\u03c2, \u03a4 \u03c4, \u03a5 \u03c5, \u03a6 \u03c6, \u03a7 \u03c7, \u03a8 \u03c8, \u03a9 \u03c9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vanakreeka nimede kirjutamiseks ladina kirjas kujunes juba <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanization_of_Greek#Ancient_Greek\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vana-Roomas kindel s\u00fcsteem<\/a>, mida mitmes keeles t\u00e4nini kasutatakse. Uuskreeka nimede edasiandmiseks see ei sobi, kuna h\u00e4\u00e4ldus on muutunud. 1983. aastast on Kreekas kasutusel omaladina standard (ELOT 743), mille on heaks kiitnud ka \u00dcRO (1987). Selles on j\u00e4rgmised t\u00e4hed: <code>a, b, ch, d, e, f, g, i, k, l, m, n, o, ou, p, ps, r, s, t, v, x, y, z<\/code>; lisaks r\u00f5hum\u00e4rk akuut (\u00b4) ja treema ehk t\u00e4pid (\u00a8).<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"reeglikast-block_9a9c4769252f16d768b7a616baa15e35\" class=\"reeglikast\">\r\n   <p>Eesti tekstis kasutatakse <strong>vanakreeka<\/strong> nimede edasiandmiseks <a href=\"https:\/\/eki.ee\/teatmik\/kreeka-ladina-tahetabelid\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">kreeka-ladina transkriptsiooni<\/a>, mis on traditsioonilise ladina transkriptsiooni kohandus (ladina <em>c, ae, oe<\/em> asemel on <em>k, ai, oi<\/em>, ladina nimel\u00f5ppude asemel on kreeka nimel\u00f5pud jm). <strong>Uuskreeka<\/strong> nimede edasiandmiseks kasutatakse <a href=\"https:\/\/eki.ee\/teatmik\/kreeka-ladina-tahetabelid\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">kreeklaste omaladinat<\/a> (ELOT 743), mille on 1996 heaks kiitnud Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond. Kahe s\u00fcsteemi paremaks eristamiseks on soovitatav uuskreeka nimed transkribeerida koos r\u00f5hum\u00e4rgiga.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vanakreeka nimede jaoks oli varem (kuni 1996) r\u00f6\u00f6pselt kasutusel eestip\u00e4rasem s\u00fcsteem, milles olid j\u00e4rgmised vastavused: <code>ch<\/code> = <em>h(h)<\/em>, <code>ph<\/code> = <em>f<\/em>, <code>rh<\/code> = <em>r<\/em>, <code>th<\/code> = <em>t<\/em>, <code>x<\/code> = <em>ks<\/em>, <code>y<\/code> = <em>\u00fc<\/em>. See s\u00fcsteem on olnud kasutusel ka paljude kreeka keelest p\u00e4rinevate s\u00f5nade mugandamisel eesti keelde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uuskreeka isikunimede kirjutamisel v\u00f5ib praktikas ette tulla erandeid, sest kreeklaste passidesse v\u00f5ib 2011. aastast kanda ka nimekujusid, mis ei vasta ELOT 743-le; eriti puudutab see eesnimesid, nt <em>Constantin(os)<\/em> \u2013 reeglip\u00e4rane <code>Konstant\u00ednos<\/code> (\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2), <em>George<\/em> \u2013 <code>Ge\u00f3rgios<\/code> (\u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2), <em>Yannis ~ Jani ~ Ioannis ~ Yiannis<\/em> \u2013 <code>Gi\u00e1nnis<\/code> (\u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2). (Passides on nimed r\u00f5hum\u00e4rgita.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/h2>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"luhidalt-block_a790db8fcc7304de572a2bd49f7e1ba5\" class=\"luhidalt\">\r\n   <h4>L\u00fchidalt<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vanakreeka nimede h\u00e4\u00e4lduses v\u00f5ib juhinduda eespool antud eestip\u00e4rasema s\u00fcsteemi vastetest. J\u00e4rgnevad juhised k\u00e4ivad uuskreeka nimede kohta eeldusel, et on j\u00e4rgitud ELOT 743 s\u00fcsteemi. (Kreekas on selle rakendamine seni v\u00e4ga eba\u00fchtlane.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5hk kreeka nimedes on liikuv ja s\u00f5ltub k\u00e4\u00e4ndest, asukohta n\u00e4itab akuut (\u00b4).<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"pikemalt-block_a2c3aa04be91f1a896602e29ada15933\" class=\"pikemalt\">\r\n\r\n   <h4>Pikemalt<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>ai<\/strong><\/td><td>[e]<\/td><td>Aidips\u00f3s [edips\u00b7os], Kithair\u00f3nas [ki\u03b8er\u00b7onas], Peirai\u00e1s [pire\u00b7as]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>a\u00ef<\/strong><\/td><td>[ai]<\/td><td>Ka\u00efmaktsal\u00e1n [kaimaktsal\u00b7an]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ch<\/strong><\/td><td>[h(h)]<\/td><td>Chalk\u00edda [halk\u00b7ida], Chryso\u00fapoli [hris\u00b7upoli], Amfiloch\u00eda [amfilohh\u00b7ia]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ei<\/strong><\/td><td>[i]<\/td><td>Alex\u00e1ndreia [aleks\u00b7andria], Didym\u00f3teicho [didim\u00b7otihho], Leivadei\u00e1 [livadi\u00b7a]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>e\u00ef<\/strong><\/td><td>[ei]<\/td><td>(kreeka nimedes harv, ent nt \u039a\u03ad\u03ca\u03c0 \u03a4\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd = K\u00e9\u00efp T\u00e1oun [keip taun] &#8216;Kaplinn&#8217;)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>g<\/strong><\/td><td>[g] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td><td>Gasto\u00fani [gast\u00b7uni], Argol\u00edda [argol\u00b7ida]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[j] <strong>e<\/strong>, <strong>i<\/strong> ja <strong>y<\/strong>-i ees<\/td><td>\u00c1gio \u00d3ros [ajio oros], Gialo\u00fasa [jal\u00b7usa]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>gk<\/strong><\/td><td>[ng] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td><td>Agk\u00edstri [ang\u00b7istri], Lagkad\u00e1s [langad\u00b7as]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[g] s\u00f5na alguses<\/td><td>Akrot\u00edrio Gkr\u00e9ko [akrot\u00b7irio greko]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>mp<\/strong><\/td><td>[mb]<\/td><td>Kalamp\u00e1ka [kalamb\u00b7aka], \u00d3lympos [olimbos]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>nt<\/strong><\/td><td>[nd] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td><td>Ant\u00edparos [and\u00b7iparos], Pent\u00e9li [pend\u00b7eli]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[d] s\u00f5na alguses<\/td><td>(kreeka nimedes harv, ent nt \u039d\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u1f79\u03bd = Ntizon [diz\u00b7on] &#8216;Dijon&#8217;)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>oi<\/strong><\/td><td>[i]<\/td><td>Ant\u00edpaxoi [and\u00b7ipaksi], Oino\u00fasses [in\u00b7usses]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>o\u00ef<\/strong><\/td><td>[oi]<\/td><td>L\u00edmni Do\u00efr\u00e1nis [limni doir\u00b7anis]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ou<\/strong><\/td><td>[u]<\/td><td>Fo\u00farnoi [furni], Igoumen\u00edtsa [igumen\u00b7itsa]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>s<\/strong><\/td><td>[s] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td><td>Salam\u00edna [salam\u00b7ina], Mesol\u00f3ngi [mesol\u00b7ongi]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>[z] helilise kaash\u00e4\u00e4liku ees<\/td><td>\u00cdasmos [iazmos]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>th<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u03b8]<\/td><td>Th\u00e1sos [\u03b8asos], Athi\u00e9nou [a\u03b8i\u00b7enu], \u00c1thos [a\u03b8os]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>x<\/strong><\/td><td>[ks]<\/td><td>X\u00e1nthi [ksan\u03b8i], Axi\u00f3s [aksi\u00b7os], Paxo\u00ed [paks\u00b7i]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>y<\/strong><\/td><td>[i]<\/td><td>\u00dddra [idra], Astyp\u00e1laia [astip\u00b7alea], G\u00fdtheio [ji\u03b8io], Pol\u00fdgyros [pol\u00b7ijiros]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>yi<\/strong><\/td><td>[i]<\/td><td>(kreeka nimedes harv, ent nt \u039b\u03b9\u03b2\u03cd\u03b7 = Liv\u00fdi [liv\u00b7i\u02dbi] &#8216;Liib\u00fca&#8217;)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Uuskreeka nimede h\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kahekordselt kirjutatud kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel h\u00e4\u00e4ldub l\u00fchidalt: \u00c9vvoia [evia], Giannits\u00e1 [janits\u00b7a], Io\u00e1nnina [jo\u00b7anina].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Isikunimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kreeka ametlik isikunimemall on kolmeosaline: <strong>eesnimi + isanimi + perekonnanimi<\/strong>. Isanimi on omastavas k\u00e4\u00e4ndes: kui isa nimi on Ge\u00f3rgios, siis poja nimi oleks n\u00e4iteks <code>Sp\u00fdros Georg\u00edou Kypri\u00e1nos<\/code> (\u03a3\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2). (V\u00f5imalik on ka kaks eesnime, nt <em>Sp\u00fdros Konstant\u00ednos Georg\u00edou Kypri\u00e1nos<\/em>.) Isanimi v\u00f5ib esineda l\u00fchendatult, nt <em>Sp\u00fdros G. Kypri\u00e1nos<\/em>. Perekonnanimede l\u00f5pud v\u00f5ivad kajastada nimekandja sugu, sest naiste perekonnanimed on kas isa v\u00f5i abikaasa perekonnanime omastava k\u00e4\u00e4nde vormid. Alati see ei kehti, sest ka meestel on vahel omastavakujulisi perekonnanimesid. Meeste perekonnanimede t\u00fc\u00fcpilised l\u00f5pud on &#8211;<strong>as<\/strong>, &#8211;<strong>is<\/strong> (-<strong>es<\/strong>), &#8211;<strong>os<\/strong>, &#8211;<strong>oglou<\/strong>, &#8211;<strong>ou<\/strong>, viimane on vormilt omastava k\u00e4\u00e4nde l\u00f5pp (vrd omastavalisi eesti perekonnanimesid, nagu Kase, Tamme jt), &#8211;<em>oglou<\/em> on aga t\u00fcrgi p\u00e4ritolu (<em>o\u011flu<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Naissoovormi moodustamine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perekonnanime naissoovorm on meessoovormi omastavak\u00e4\u00e4ndeline kuju:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th>L\u00f5pp<\/th><th>Meessoovormi n\u00e4ide<\/th><th>L\u00f5pp<\/th><th>Naissoovormi n\u00e4ide<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>&#8211;<strong>as<\/strong> (\u2011\u03b1\u03c2)<\/td><td>Papp\u00e1s (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03c0\u03ac\u03c2)<\/td><td>&#8211;<strong>a<\/strong> (-\u03b1)<\/td><td>Papp\u00e1 (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03c0\u03ac)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8211;<strong>es<\/strong> (\u2011\u03b5\u03c2)<\/td><td><\/td><td>&#8211;<strong>e<\/strong> (-\u03b5)<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8211;<strong>is<\/strong> (\u2011\u03b7\u03c2)<\/td><td>Kyriak\u00eddis (\u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2)<\/td><td>&#8211;<strong>ou<\/strong> (-\u03bf\u03c5) v\u00f5i \u2011<strong>i<\/strong> (-\u03b7)<\/td><td>Kyriak\u00eddou (\u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5) v\u00f5i Kyriak\u00eddi (\u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03b7)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8211;<strong>os<\/strong> (\u2011\u03bf\u03c2)<\/td><td>Papad\u00f3poulos (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2)<\/td><td>&#8211;<strong>ou<\/strong> (-\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><td>Papadopo\u00falou (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8211;<strong>oglou<\/strong> (\u2011\u03cc\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><td>Kontz\u00f3glou (\u039a\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03cc\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><td>&#8211;<strong>oglou<\/strong> (\u2011\u03cc\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><td>Kontz\u00f3glou (\u039a\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03cc\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8211;<strong>ou<\/strong> (\u2011\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><td>Alex\u00edou (\u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><td>&#8211;<strong>ou<\/strong> (\u2011\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><td>Alex\u00edou (\u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03bf\u03c5)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kreeka nimede meessoo- ja naissoovormid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5hu nihe naissoovormis Papadopo\u00falou on erandlik, muidu on omastava k\u00e4\u00e4nde vorm sellest nimest Papad\u00f3poulou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nimed perekonnas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tavaliselt v\u00f5tab kreeka naine abiellumisel mehe perekonnanime (omastava vormis), nt kui mehe nimi on <em>M\u00e1rkos<\/em> (\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2), siis naise nimi on <em>M\u00e1rkou<\/em> (\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5). Rahvalikus pruugis v\u00f5ib naine oma isanime asemel kasutada ka mehe eesnime (omastava vormis), nt kui abielluvad <em>Aikater\u00edni N\u00edkou M\u00e1rkou<\/em> (\u0391\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5) ja <em>Sp\u00fdros Georg\u00edou Kypri\u00e1nos<\/em> (\u03a3\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2), siis naise nimi v\u00f5ib olla ka <em>Aikater\u00edni Sp\u00fdrou Kypri\u00e1nou<\/em> (\u0391\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kohanimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kreeka on \u00fcks l\u00e4\u00e4ne kultuuri h\u00e4lle ja kreeka nimed seet\u00f5ttu eestlastele tuttavad juba esimestest piiblitekstidest alates. Kreeka ala kohta k\u00e4ivad ekson\u00fc\u00fcmid (loetelu pole ammendav): <code>Ahhaia<\/code> (<em>Acha\u1e2fa<\/em>), <code>Aitoolia<\/code> (<em>Aitol\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Akarnaania<\/code> (<em>Akarnan\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Akropol<\/code> (<em>Akr\u00f3polis<\/em>), <code>Arkaadia<\/code> (<em>Arkad\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Ateena<\/code> (<em>Ath\u00edna<\/em>), <code>Atika<\/code> (<em>Attik\u00ed<\/em>), <code>Boiootia<\/code> (<em>Voiot\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Dodekaneesid<\/code> (<em>Dodek\u00e1nisos<\/em>), <code>Egeuse meri<\/code> (<em>Aiga\u00edo P\u00e9lagos<\/em>), <code>Ithaka<\/code> (<em>Ith\u00e1ki<\/em>), <code>Joonia saared<\/code> (<em>I\u00f3nia Nisi\u00e1<\/em>), <code>Korfu<\/code> (<em>K\u00e9rkyra<\/em>), <code>Kreeka<\/code> (<em>Ell\u00e1da<\/em>), <code>Kreeta<\/code> (<em>Kr\u00edti<\/em>), <code>K\u00fcklaadid<\/code> (<em>Kykl\u00e1des<\/em>), <code>Lakoonia<\/code> (<em>Lakon\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Magneesia<\/code> (<em>Magnis\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Makedoonia<\/code> (<em>Makedon\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Messeenia<\/code> (<em>Messin\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Ol\u00fcmpos<\/code> (<em>\u00d3lympos<\/em>), <code>Pireus<\/code> (<em>Peirai\u00e1s<\/em>), <code>Rodope<\/code> (<em>Rod\u00f3pi<\/em>), <code>Sparta<\/code> (<em>Sp\u00e1rti<\/em>), <code>Sporaadid<\/code> (<em>Spor\u00e1des<\/em>), <code>Teeba<\/code> (<em>Th\u00edva<\/em>), <code>Termop\u00fc\u00fclid<\/code> (<em>Thermop\u00fdles<\/em>), <code>Tessaalia<\/code> (<em>Thessal\u00eda<\/em>), <code>Traakia<\/code> (<em>Thr\u00e1ki<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kui \u00fcldiselt kirjutatakse t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva Kreeka kohanimesid ladina t\u00e4hestikku nende uuskreeka kujul, siis on ka m\u00f5ned kinnistunud erandid, kus eesti keeles on p\u00f5hinimeks vanakreeka kuju: <code>Chalkidike<\/code> (uuskreeka <em>Chalkidik\u00ed<\/em>), <code>Delos<\/code> (<em>D\u00edlos<\/em>), <code>Euboia<\/code> (<em>\u00c9vvoia<\/em>), <code>Lesbos<\/code> (<em>L\u00e9svos<\/em>), <code>Marathon<\/code> (<em>Marath\u00f3nas<\/em>), <code>Peloponnesos<\/code> (<em>Pelop\u00f3nnisos<\/em>), <code>Phokis<\/code> (<em>Fok\u00edda<\/em>), <code>Rhodos<\/code> (<em>R\u00f3dos<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f6\u00f6pv\u00f5imalusena on ekson\u00fc\u00fcmid j\u00e4rgmistel juhtudel: <code>Ir\u00e1kleio<\/code> ehk <code>Iraklion<\/code>, <code>Marathon<\/code> ehk <code>Maraton<\/code>, <code>Mytil\u00edni<\/code> ehk <code>M\u00fctileene<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u00fcpros<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00fcprosel on kreeka keel \u00fcks ametikeeli k\u00f5rvuti t\u00fcrgi keelega ja enamikust nimedest on olemas nii kreeka- kui ka t\u00fcrgikeelne variant. P\u00f5hja-K\u00fcpros on T\u00fcrgi kontrolli all ja seal on kehtestatud \u00fcksnes t\u00fcrgikeelsed kohanimed. Kuiv\u00f5rd seda rahvusvaheliselt ei tunnustata, siis on korrektne ka P\u00f5hja-K\u00fcprose kohtade puhul kasutada p\u00f5hinimedena kreekakeelseid kohanimesid, lisades faktilise, st t\u00fcrgi nime tarbe korral sulgudesse. Seejuures tuleb arvestada, et t\u00fcrgi nimesid on kahte sorti: need, mis kehtisid enne saare kaheks jagamist kuni 1974, ja need, mis pandi nimede hilisema t\u00fcrgistamise k\u00e4igus (eelt\u00f6\u00f6d selleks algasid juba 1958. aastal). K\u00fcprosel on ka veel \u00fcks, tinglikult ingliskeelsete kohanimede kiht, mis kehtisid Briti asumaaks olemise perioodil kuni 1960. Neid on vahel poliitilise neutraalsuse t\u00f5ttu rahvusvaheliselt eelistatud. N\u00e4iteks olgu <em>Morphou<\/em> (koloniaalaegne nimi) \u2013 <em>M\u00f3rfou<\/em> (kreeka nimi) \u2013 <em>Omorfo<\/em> (t\u00fcrgi algne nimi) \u2013 <em>G\u00fczelyurt<\/em> (t\u00fcrgistatud nimi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00fcprose tuntuimad kohanimed on \u00fchtlasi ekson\u00fc\u00fcmid, t\u00e4psemalt koloniaalnimed: <code>Famagusta<\/code> (kreeka <em>Amm\u00f3chostos<\/em>, t\u00fcrgi <em>Gazima\u011fusa<\/em>), <code>Kyrenia<\/code> (<em>Ker\u00fdneia\/Girne<\/em>), <code>Larnaca<\/code> (<em>L\u00e1rnaka\/L\u00e2rnaka<\/em>), <code>Limassol<\/code> (<em>Lemes\u00f3s\/Leymosun<\/em>), <code>Nikosia<\/code> (inglise <em>Nicosia<\/em>, <em>Lefkos\u00eda\/Lefko\u015fa<\/em>), <code>Paphos<\/code> (<em>P\u00e1fos\/Baf<\/em>). Vt pikemat loendit <a href=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/iso-3166-2-aasia-2-k-v\/#k\u00f5rg\u00f5zstan\u2013malaisia\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"16595\">K\u00fcprose haldusjaotuse<\/a> alt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vt ka<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/kreeka-ladina-tahetabelid\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"11706\">kreeka-ladina t\u00e4hetabelid (vanakreeka, uuskreeka)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fbiic.gov\/public\/2008\/nov\/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A Guide to Names and Naming Practices<\/a>. \u2013 United Kingdom, March 2006 (pp. 13\u201314 Greek) (<em>vaadatud 24.08.2021<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eesti \u00f5igekeelsuss\u00f5naraamat \u00d5S 2018. Tallinn 2018, lk 1232\u20131234.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u00fcnther Steffen Henrich, Das griechische Personennamensystem. \u2013 Europ\u00e4ische Personennamensysteme. Ein Handbuch von Abasisch bis Zentralladinisch. Herausgegeben von Andrea Brendler und Silvio Brendler. Hamburg: Baar 2007, S. 268\u2013282.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/library.princeton.edu\/departments\/tsd\/katmandu\/greek\/Personalnames.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Guide to Greek Usage in Cataloging, Personal names<\/a>. \u2013 Princeton University Library (<em>vaadatud 24.08.2021<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e4nuavaldused<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">prof Janika P\u00e4ll, Tartu \u00dclikool.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kirjutus ja h\u00e4\u00e4ldus, isikunimed ja kohanimed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[751],"tags":[577,587,744,778,717,819],"class_list":["post-3553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eri-keelte-nimede-juhiseid","tag-haaldus","tag-isikunimi","tag-kreeka-keel","tag-kupros","tag-nimekirjutus","tag-valiskohanimi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3553"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23081,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3553\/revisions\/23081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}