{"id":3613,"date":"2021-08-25T12:54:31","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T09:54:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/193.40.33.167\/teatmik\/?p=3613"},"modified":"2023-08-20T17:01:54","modified_gmt":"2023-08-20T14:01:54","slug":"ukraina-nimed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/ukraina-nimed\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukraina nimed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Indoeuroopa keelkonna slaavi keelte idaslaavi r\u00fchma kuuluv ukraina keel (\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 ukrajinska mova<\/em>) on Ukraina ametikeel, tal on tunnustatud v\u00e4hemuskeele staatus Bosnias ja Hertsegoviinas, Horvaatias, Moldovas, Poolas, Rumeenias, Serbias, Slovakkias, T\u0161ehhis, Ungaris ja Valgevenes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirjutus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ukraina keel kasutab k\u00fcrillilist kirja ehk kirillitsat. Ukraina t\u00e4hestik:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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\u0410 \u0430, \u0411 \u0431, \u0412 \u0432, \u0413 \u0433, \u0490 \u0491, \u0414 \u0434, \u0415 \u0435, \u0404 \u0454, \u0416 \u0436, \u0417 \u0437, \u0418 \u0438, \u0406 \u0456, \u0407 \u0457, \u0419 \u0439, \u041a \u043a, \u041b \u043b, \u041c \u043c, \u041d \u043d, \u041e \u043e, \u041f \u043f, \u0420 \u0440, \u0421 \u0441, \u0422 \u0442, \u0423 \u0443, \u0424 \u0444, \u0425 \u0445, \u0426 \u0446, \u0427 \u0447, \u0428 \u0448, \u0429 \u0449, \u042c \u044c, \u042e \u044e, \u042f \u044f, \u2019.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Erinevalt vene t\u00e4hestikust m\u00e4rgib ukraina \u0438<\/strong> [\u00f5]-d, [i]-h\u00e4\u00e4likut aga m\u00e4rgib ladinap\u00e4rane \u0456<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraina nimede kirjutamiseks ladina kirjas on olemas ukraina omaladina<\/a>, mille 2010. a kinnitas Ukraina valitsus ja 2012. a kiitis heaks \u00dcRO. See on inglisp\u00e4rane ning m\u00f5neti lihtsustav s\u00fcsteem, kuid on hakanud maailmas levima.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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Eesti tekstis kasutatakse ukraina nimede edasiandmiseks ukraina-eesti t\u00e4hetabelit<\/a> (1975\/2022), selle k\u00f5rval on ukraina isikunimede fikseerimiseks Eesti dokumentides v\u00f5imalik kasutada ka Ukrainas kehtivaid reegleid<\/a> ehk eespool mainitud 2010. a omaladinat.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

Ukraina omaladinat saab teisendada eesti transkriptsiooni j\u00e4rgmise tabeli alusel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4hed<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
ch<\/em> \u2192 t\u0161<\/strong><\/td>Chornobryvets<\/em> \u2192 T\u0161ornobr\u00f5vets<\/td><\/tr>
gh<\/em> \u2192 h<\/strong><\/td>Zghurivka<\/em> \u2192 Zhurivka<\/td><\/tr>
i<\/em> \u2192 i<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>Ivanenko<\/em> \u2192 Ivanenko, Maidan<\/em> \u2192 Maidan<\/td><\/tr>
i<\/em> \u2192 ji<\/strong> (vahel t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku j\u00e4rel, eriti l\u00f5pu iv<\/em> puhul)<\/td>Ukrainka (\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u043a\u0430)<\/em> \u2192 Ukrajinka, Mykolaiv (\u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0457\u0432)<\/em> \u2192 M\u00f5kolajiv, Ananiv (\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0457\u0432)<\/em> \u2192 Ananjiv<\/td><\/tr>
ia<\/em> \u2192 ja<\/strong><\/td>Kolomyia<\/em> \u2192 Kolom\u00f5ja<\/td><\/tr>
ie<\/em> \u2192 je<\/strong><\/td>Hordiienko<\/em> \u2192 Hordijenko<\/td><\/tr>
ii<\/em> \u2192 i<\/strong> (kahe- ja enamasilbilise s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus)<\/td>Fotii<\/em> \u2192 Foti<\/td><\/tr>
io<\/em> \u2192 jo<\/strong><\/td>Tadeiovych<\/em> \u2192 Tadejov\u00f5t\u0161<\/td><\/tr>
iu<\/em> \u2192 ju<\/strong><\/td>Tiutiunnyk<\/em> \u2192 Tjutjunn\u00f5k<\/td><\/tr>
kh<\/em> \u2192 h<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>Arkhyp<\/em> \u2192 Arh\u00f5p<\/td><\/tr>
kh<\/em> \u2192 hh<\/strong> (t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel ja s\u00f5na l\u00f5pul t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku j\u00e4rel)<\/td>Zhurakhovych<\/em> \u2192 \u017durahhov\u00f5t\u0161<\/td><\/tr>
o<\/em> \u2192 jo<\/strong> (\u00fcksikjuhtudel s\u00f5na keskel)<\/td>Vasylovych (\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447)<\/em> \u2192 Vass\u00f5ljov\u00f5t\u0161<\/td><\/tr>
s<\/em> \u2192 s<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>Sosiura<\/em> \u2192 Sosjura<\/td><\/tr>
s<\/em> \u2192 ss<\/strong> (t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel ja s\u00f5na l\u00f5pul r\u00f5hulise t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku j\u00e4rel)<\/td>Lysenko<\/em> \u2192 L\u00f5ssenko<\/td><\/tr>
sh<\/em> \u2192 \u0161<\/strong><\/td>Sheremet<\/em> \u2192 \u0160eremet<\/td><\/tr>
y<\/em> \u2192 \u00f5<\/strong> (\u00fcldjuhul)<\/td>Rybak<\/em> \u2192 R\u00f5bak, Yosyp<\/em> \u2192 Joss\u00f5p<\/td><\/tr>
y<\/em> \u2192 j<\/strong> (s\u00f5na alguses)<\/td>Yosyp<\/em> \u2192 Joss\u00f5p, Yurenko<\/em> \u2192 Jurenko<\/td><\/tr>
yi<\/em> \u2192 ji<\/strong> (s\u00f5na alguses)<\/td>Yivha<\/em> \u2192 Jivha<\/td><\/tr>
zh<\/em> \u2192 \u017e<\/strong><\/td>Zhytomyr<\/em> \u2192 \u017d\u00f5tom\u00f5r<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Ukraina omaladina teisendus eesti transkriptsiooni<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uudiste tekstides v\u00f5ib kohata ka muid inglisp\u00e4raseid \u00fcmberkirjutusi, mille p\u00f5hierinevus omaladinaga on see, et ukraina \u0439<\/strong>, \u0457<\/strong>, \u0454<\/strong>, \u0439\u043e<\/strong>, \u044e<\/strong>, \u044f<\/strong> vasteks on igas positsioonis vastavalt y, yi, ye, yo, yu, ya<\/em>. \u00dclakomaga v\u00f5idakse m\u00e4rkida peenendust. Vt n\u00e4iteid tabelist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukraina<\/th>Omaladina<\/th>Ingl transkr<\/th>Eesti transkr<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439<\/td>Serhii<\/td>Serhiy<\/em><\/td>Serhi<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0428\u0432\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/td>Shvaika<\/td>Shvayka<\/em><\/td>\u0160vaika<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0457\u0432<\/td>Mykolaiv<\/td>Mykolayiv<\/em><\/td>M\u00f5kolajiv<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0422\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447<\/td>Tadeiovych<\/td>Tadeyovych<\/em><\/td>Tadejov\u00f5t\u0161<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u042f\u0446\u0435\u043d\u044e\u043a<\/td>Yatseniuk<\/td>Yatsenyuk<\/em><\/td>Jatsenjuk<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0414\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0446\u044f<\/td>Deshchytsia<\/td>Deshchytsya<\/em><\/td>De\u0161t\u0161\u00f5tsja<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447<\/td>Vasylovych<\/td>Vasyl’ovych<\/em><\/td>Vass\u00f5ljov\u00f5t\u0161<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Ukraina nimed eri kirjaviisides<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/h2>\n\n\n\r\n
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L\u00fchidalt<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

R\u00f5hk ukraina nimedes on liikuv. Ukraina nimede r\u00f5hke v\u00f5ib kontrollida ukraina keeleteaduse portaalist (vt kirjanduse loetelu).<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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Pikemalt<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

K\u00f5ik olulisemad h\u00e4\u00e4ldusseigad kajastuvad transkriptsioonis. Ukraina \u0433<\/strong> h\u00e4\u00e4ldub n\u00f5rga [h]-na, eesti transkriptsioonis on vasteks 2022. aastast h<\/em> (enne oli g<\/em>, et eristada teda ukraina \u0445<\/strong>-st, mis on tugev [h]). T\u00e4ht \u0432<\/strong> (v) h\u00e4\u00e4ldub silbi l\u00f5pus [u]-taolise h\u00e4\u00e4likuna, nt Kahhovka<\/code> [kahh\u00b4ouka]; s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus on k\u00e4\u00e4namise huvides otstarbekas seda h\u00e4\u00e4ldada [v]-na, nt Lviv<\/code> [l’v`iiv] (omastav Lvivi, mitte Lviv\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcksikasjalikumaid juhiseid ukraina nimede h\u00e4\u00e4ldamiseks pakub Einar Kraudi raamat “V\u00f5\u00f5rnimed eesti h\u00e4\u00e4lduses II” (vt kirjanduse loetelust).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isikunimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ukraina isikunimemall on eesnimi + isanimi + perekonnanimi<\/strong>. Nt Oleksandr Bohdanov\u00f5t\u0161 Lavrivsk\u00f5i<\/code> (\u041e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439), Olha M\u00f5k\u00f5tivna Koren\u00f5tska<\/code> (\u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0430).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eesnimed<\/strong> on p\u00f5hiliselt kas \u00f5igeusu, katoliku v\u00f5i ristiusueelset p\u00e4ritolu. Meeste nimed nt Bor\u00f5ss<\/em> (\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441), Dm\u00f5tro<\/em> (\u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e), Kostjant\u00f5n<\/em> (\u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d), M\u00f5hhailo<\/em> (\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e), Serhi<\/em> (\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439), Volod\u00f5m\u00f5r<\/em> (\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440); naiste nimed nt Hal\u00f5na<\/em> (\u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430), Ir\u00f5na<\/em> (\u0406\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430), Kater\u00f5na<\/em> (\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430), Natalija<\/em> (\u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u044f), Olena<\/em> (\u041e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430), Tetjana<\/em> (\u0422\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perekonnanimede<\/strong> l\u00f5pud v\u00f5ivad kajastada nimekandja sugu. Nii meessoo- kui ka naissoovormid on j\u00e4rgmistel l\u00f5ppudel (k\u00f5igepealt meesoovormi l\u00f5pud, seej\u00e4rel p\u00fcstkriipsude j\u00e4rel naissoovormi l\u00f5pud):<\/p>\n\n\n\n