{"id":6193,"date":"2021-10-21T01:34:18","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T22:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/193.40.33.167\/teatmik\/?p=6193"},"modified":"2025-12-27T19:12:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T17:12:03","slug":"tamili-nimed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/tamili-nimed\/","title":{"rendered":"Tamili nimed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Draviidi keelkonna l\u00f5unadraviidi keelte hulka kuuluv tamili keel (\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bcd Tamil\u032e<\/em>) on India Tamil Nadu osariigi ametikeel, samuti \u00fcks kahest Sri Lanka ametikeelest (singali keele k\u00f5rval) ja \u00fcks neljast ametikeelest Singapuris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirjutus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tamili keel kasutab oma kirja, mis on t\u00fc\u00fcbilt silpkiri. Silpkirja \u00fcks m\u00e4rk vastab tavaliselt silbile, milles on kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik + t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik, nt \u0b95 ka<\/em>. Eri t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute korral liitub vastavat t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likut m\u00e4rkiv lisam\u00e4rk: \u0b95 ka<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bbe k\u0101<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bbf ki<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bc0 k\u012b<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bc1 ku<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bc2 k\u016b<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bc6 k\u0115<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bc7 ke<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bc8 kai<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bca k\u014f<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bcb ko<\/em>, \u0b95\u0bcc kau<\/em>. T\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku puudumist n\u00e4itab punkt m\u00e4rgi peal, nt \u0b95\u0bcd k<\/em>. Erinevalt teistest India kirjadest on tamili kirjas v\u00e4ga v\u00e4he ligatuure ehk liitt\u00e4hti. Tamili kirja p\u00f5hisilbid (looksulgudes ladina vaste):<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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\u0b95 {ka}<\/code>, \u0b99 {\u1e45a}<\/code>, \u0b9a {cha}<\/code>, \u0b9e {\u00f1a}<\/code>, \u0b9f {\u1e6da}<\/code>, \u0ba3 {\u1e47a}<\/code>, \u0ba4 {ta}<\/code>, \u0ba8 {na}<\/code>, \u0baa {pa}<\/code>, \u0bae {ma}<\/code>, \u0baf {ya}<\/code>, \u0bb0 {ra}<\/code>, \u0bb2 {la}<\/code>, \u0bb5 {va}<\/code>, \u0bb4 {l\u032ea}<\/code>, \u0bb3 {\u1e37a}<\/code>, \u0bb1 {\u1e5fa}<\/code>, \u0ba9 {\u1e49a}<\/code>, \u0b9c {ja}<\/code>, \u0bb6 {sha}<\/code>, \u0bb7 {\u1e63ha}<\/code>, \u0bb8 {sa}<\/code>, \u0ba9 {ha}<\/code>, \u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb7 {k\u1e63ha}<\/code>, \u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 {\u1e5f\u1e5fa}<\/code>, \u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 {\u1e49\u1e5fa}<\/code>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

1972. a kiitis \u00dcRO kohanimekorralduskonverents India esindaja ettepanekul heaks mh tamili nimede latinisatsiooni<\/a>, kuid praktikas on seda v\u00e4ga v\u00e4he rakendatud. Enamik tamili nimesid j\u00f5uab rahvusvahelisse k\u00e4ibesse inglise nimekujude vahendusel, st \u00fcldjuhul ilma lisam\u00e4rkideta.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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Eesti tekstis on m\u00f5eldav tamili nimesid kirjutada \u00dcRO 1972. a s\u00fcsteemi<\/a> kohaselt, kui t\u00f5lgitakse otse tamili keelest, \u00fcldiselt on praktiline j\u00e4rgida inglise keele kaudu tuntuks saanud nimekujusid.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/h2>\n\n\n\r\n
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L\u00fchidalt<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

R\u00f5hk on tamili nimedel on enamasti esimesel silbil; kui esisilbis on l\u00fchike t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik, siis v\u00f5ib r\u00f5hk olla ka teisel silbil. Tabelis on antud h\u00e4\u00e4ldusvasted 1972. a latinisatsiooni kohasele kirjutusviisile. T\u00e4hed, mille all on punkt (\u1e47<\/strong>, \u1e6d<\/strong>), m\u00e4rgivad tumedaid (retrofleksseid) h\u00e4\u00e4likuid. Pikkuskriips ehk makron t\u00e4he peal n\u00e4itab t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4liku pikkust.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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Pikemalt<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

J\u00e4rgnevad h\u00e4\u00e4ldusn\u00e4ited on antud ilma r\u00f5hku n\u00e4itamata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
ai<\/strong><\/td>[ei] j\u00e4rgsilpides<\/td>Putukko\u1e6d\u1e6dai [pu\u00f0ukotei]<\/td><\/tr>
ch<\/strong><\/td>[s] ~ [\u0161] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td>Ch\u012brk\u0101l\u032ei [siirhaa\u017ei]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[t\u0161] topeldumisel v\u00f5i \u1e49<\/strong>, \u1e6d<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td>Putuchcheri [pu\u00f0ut\u0161eeri]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[d\u017e] \u00f1<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td>K\u0101\u00f1chipuram [kaand\u017eipuram]<\/td><\/tr>
e<\/strong><\/td>[ee]<\/td>Chetu [see\u00f0u]<\/td><\/tr>
\u0115<\/strong><\/td>[e]<\/td>P\u0115rampal\u016br [perambaluur]<\/td><\/tr>
k<\/strong><\/td>[k] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td>Ka\u1e6dal\u016br [ka\u00f0aluur]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[g] n<\/strong>, \u1e45<\/strong>, \u1e47<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td>Tara\u1e45kamp\u0101\u1e6di [tara\u014bgambaa\u00f0i]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[h(h)] t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel v\u00f5i l<\/strong>, r<\/strong>, y<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td>Utakama\u1e47\u1e6dalam [u\u00f0ahhamandalam]<\/td><\/tr>
l\u032e<\/strong><\/td>[\u017e] ~ [r]<\/td>\u0114l\u032eump\u016br [e\u017eumbuur], Tamil\u032en\u0101\u1e6du [tami\u017enaa\u00f0u]<\/td><\/tr>
\u1e45<\/strong><\/td>[\u014b]<\/td>Tiruvara\u1e45kam [tiruwara\u014bgam]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00f1<\/strong><\/td>[nj] ~ [n’]<\/td>Ta\u00f1ch\u0101v\u016br [tan’d\u017eaawuur]<\/td><\/tr>
\u1e49<\/strong><\/td>[n]<\/td>Te\u1e49i [teeni]<\/td><\/tr>
\u1e49\u1e5f<\/strong><\/td>[ndr]<\/td>\u014e\u1e49\u1e5fiyam [ondrijam]<\/td><\/tr>
o<\/strong><\/td>[oo]<\/td>N\u0101karkoyil [naaharhoojil]<\/td><\/tr>
\u014f<\/strong><\/td>[o]<\/td>K\u014f\u1e37\u1e37i\u1e6dam [kolli\u00f0am]<\/td><\/tr>
p<\/strong><\/td>[p] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td>Patu\u1e37ai [pa\u00f0ulei]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[b] m, n, \u1e47 j\u00e4rel<\/td>Koyamputt\u016br [koojambutuur]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[w]* t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel v\u00f5i r<\/strong>, y<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td>Cham\u012bpa Kil\u032eakku [samiiwa ki\u017eaku]<\/td><\/tr>
\u1e5f<\/strong><\/td>[r]<\/td>V\u0115\u1e47\u1e47\u0101\u1e5fu [wennaaru]<\/td><\/tr>
\u1e5f\u1e5f<\/strong><\/td>[tr]<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
sh<\/strong><\/td>[\u0161]<\/td>Ta\u1e49u\u1e63hko\u1e6di [tanu\u0161koo\u00f0i]<\/td><\/tr>
t<\/td>[t] \u00fcldjuhul<\/td>Tiruva\u1e37\u1e37\u016br [tiruwalluur]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[d] n<\/strong> j\u00e4rel<\/td>Vantav\u0101chi [wandawaasi]<\/td><\/tr>
<\/td>[\u00f0] t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute vahel<\/td>Virutunakar [wiru\u00f0unahhar]<\/td><\/tr>
v<\/strong><\/td>[w]<\/td>Ta\u00f1ch\u0101v\u016br [tan’d\u017eaawuur]<\/td><\/tr>
y<\/strong><\/td>[j] ~ [i]<\/td>\u0114\u1e6d\u1e6daiyapuram [eteijapuram]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Tamili nimede h\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

*T\u00e4psem h\u00e4\u00e4ldus on [\u03b2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isikunimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tamili isikunimemall on isa eesnimi + eesnimi<\/strong>. Nt mehenimi Alagaratnam Rasiah<\/code>. Tamilitel \u00fcldjuhul pole perekonnanime, nii mehed kui ka naised kasutavad isa nime omaenda nime ees, sageli l\u00fchendatult, nt A. Rasiah. L\u00e4\u00e4nes elavad tamilid kasutavad vahel isa nime perekonnanimena ja sel juhul p\u00f6\u00f6ravad j\u00e4rjestuse ringi (Rasiah Alagaratnam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f5nes L\u00f5una-India piirkonnas v\u00f5ib eespool esitatud nimedele eelneda algsele p\u00e4ritolule viitav kohanimi: kohanimi + isa eesnimi + eesnimi<\/strong>. Nt Conjeepuram Mahendrum Krishnamurthy<\/code> (~ C. M. Krishnamurthy), Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy<\/code> (~ E. V. Ramasamy, kastinimi Periyar).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f5una-Indias v\u00f5ib ka esineda j\u00e4rgmine isikunimemall: kohanimi + eesnimi + perekonna kastinimi<\/strong>. Nt Madurai Mani Iyer<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tamili nimedes on korduvaid osiseid, nt Alaga- ~ Alagu- ~ Alage-<\/em><\/strong> (Alagappan, Alagumuthi), Anbu-<\/em><\/strong> (Anbuselvan), Ari-<\/em><\/strong> (Arivumani), Arul-<\/em><\/strong> (Arulmoli), Bala-<\/em><\/strong> (Balakumar), Gnana-<\/em><\/strong> (Gnanamani), Siva-<\/em><\/strong> (Sivadasan), Ula-<\/em><\/strong> (Ulaganathan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tamili nimekasutusele on iseloomulik h\u00fc\u00fcdnimede rohkus, eriti pereringis. H\u00fc\u00fcdnimed ei pruugi oma p\u00f5hinimega \u00fcldsegi sarnased olla, nt Krishnakanthan<\/em> v\u00f5ib saada h\u00fc\u00fcdnimeks Babu<\/code>, Gnanaseeli<\/em> aga Jaya<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nimed perekonnas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tamili naine v\u00f5tab abielludes tavaliselt abikaasa eesnime, mis vahetab v\u00e4lja tema isa eesnime. Nt kui Muththusaamy Kamalaraani (naine) abiellub Alagaratnam Rasiah’ga, saab tema nimeks Rasiah Kamalaraani<\/code> (~ R. Kamalaraani).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lapsed saavad nime traditsiooni kohaselt nt nii. Alagaratnam Rasiah’ poeg oleks nt Rasiah Sinnadorai<\/code> (~ R. Sinnadorai) ja t\u00fctar nt Rasiah Laxmi<\/code> (~ R. Laxmi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kohanimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kohanimed India Tamil Nadu osariigis on rahvusvahelises k\u00e4ibes keskv\u00f5imu tunnustatud kujul, sageli tamili nimede h\u00e4\u00e4ldusele tuginevas inglisp\u00e4rases muganduses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inglise nimi<\/th>Tamili nimi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Chennai (end. Madras)<\/td>\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc8 Ch\u0115\u1e49\u1e49ai<\/td><\/tr>
Coimbatore<\/td>\u0b95\u0bcb\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd Koyamputt\u016br<\/td><\/tr>
Comorin (neem)<\/td>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bc8 Ka\u1e49\u1e49iy\u0101kumari mu\u1e49ai<\/td><\/tr>
Cuddalore<\/td>\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd Ka\u1e6dal\u016br<\/td><\/tr>
Dindigul<\/td>\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd Ti\u1e47\u1e6dukkal<\/td><\/tr>
Erode<\/td>\u0b88\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u012aro\u1e6du<\/td><\/tr>
Kanchipuram<\/td>\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd K\u0101\u00f1chipuram<\/td><\/tr>
Madurai<\/td>\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc8 Maturai<\/td><\/tr>
Nagappattinam<\/td>\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd N\u0101kappa\u1e6d\u1e6di\u1e49am<\/td><\/tr>
Nagercoil<\/td>\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd N\u0101karkoyil<\/td><\/tr>
Pudukkottai<\/td>\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 Putukko\u1e6d\u1e6dai<\/td><\/tr>
Ramanathapuram<\/td>\u0b87\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd Ir\u0101man\u0101tapuram<\/td><\/tr>
Salem<\/td>\u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd Chelam<\/td><\/tr>
Thanjavur<\/td>\u0ba4\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd Ta\u00f1ch\u0101v\u016br<\/td><\/tr>
Tiruchchirappalli (end. Trichinopoly)<\/td>\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf Tiruchchir\u0101ppa\u1e37\u1e37i<\/td><\/tr>
Tuticorin<\/td>\u0ba4\u0bc2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf T\u016bttukku\u1e6di<\/td><\/tr>
Vellore<\/td>\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd Vel\u016br<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Tamil Nadu kohanimed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kohanimede kohta Sri Lankal vt singali nimede artiklist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vt ka<\/h4>\n\n\n\n