{"id":7078,"date":"2021-11-16T03:16:22","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T01:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/193.40.33.167\/teatmik\/?p=7078"},"modified":"2022-05-11T17:20:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T14:20:13","slug":"suahiili-nimed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/suahiili-nimed\/","title":{"rendered":"Suahiili nimed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/600px-Swahili-speaking_Africa.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7094\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/600px-Swahili-speaking_Africa.png 600w, https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/600px-Swahili-speaking_Africa-300x300.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><figcaption>Riigid, kus suahiili keelel on ametlik staatus<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nigeri-Kordofani h\u00f5imkonna bantu keelte G-r\u00fchma kuuluv suahiili keel (<em>Kiswahili<\/em>) on Ida-Aafrika suhtluskeel ning mitmes  riigis ametikeel (Tansaanias ainus ametikeel, Keenias, Ugandas, Rwandas k\u00f5rvuti muude keeltega, teatav staatus on sel keelel ka Burundis, Kongo DVs ja Mosambiigis). Keele algsed k\u00f5nelejad (hinnanguliselt 2\u201318 miljonit) asuvad Keenia ja Tansaania rannikualadel, sh Sansibaril (Ungujal). Kui lisada teise keelena k\u00f5nelejad, siis on kokku suahiili keele oskajaid 50\u2013150 miljonit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjutus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suahiili keel kasutab ladina kirja. Suahiili t\u00e4hestik:<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"tahelepanu-block_6192ed94bca0c\" class=\"tahelepanu\">\r\n\r\n   <p>A a, B b, Ch ch, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, Z z.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00f5nda h\u00e4\u00e4likut m\u00e4rgitakse t\u00e4he\u00fchendi abil: <strong>dh<\/strong>, <strong>gh<\/strong>, <strong>kh<\/strong>, <strong>ng&#8217;<\/strong>, <strong>nj<\/strong>, <strong>ny<\/strong>, <strong>sh<\/strong>, <strong>th<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suahiili keel kasutas varem araabia kirja, osalt on see praegugi tuntud. 19. sajandil tuli sammhaaval kasutusele ladina kiri.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"reeglikast-block_6192f0bbbca0d\" class=\"reeglikast\">\r\n   <p>Eesti tekstis kirjutatakse suahiili nimesid muutmata kujul, st originaalip\u00e4raselt.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/h2>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"luhidalt-block_6192f163bca0e\" class=\"luhidalt\">\r\n   <h4>L\u00fchidalt<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5hk on tavaliselt eelviimasel silbil.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"pikemalt-block_6192f17dbca0f\" class=\"pikemalt\">\r\n\r\n   <h4>Pikemalt<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\"><table><thead><tr><th>T\u00e4hed<\/th><th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th><th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>ch<\/strong><\/td><td>[t\u0161]<\/td><td>Chake Chake [t\u0161ake t\u0161ake]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>dh<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u00f0]<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>gh<\/strong><\/td><td>[g], t\u00e4psemalt [\u0263]<\/td><td>Magharibi [magar\u00b7ibi]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>j<\/strong><\/td><td>[d\u017e]<\/td><td>Kajiado [kad\u017ei\u00b7ado]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>kh<\/strong><\/td><td>[h(h)]<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ng&#8217;<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u014b]<\/td><td>Murang&#8217;a [mur\u00b7a\u014ba]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>ny<\/strong><\/td><td>[nj]<\/td><td>Kirinyaga [kirinj\u00b7aga]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>sh<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u0161]<\/td><td>Mashariki [ma\u0161ar\u00b7iki]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>th<\/strong><\/td><td>[\u03b8]<\/td><td>Kathwana [ka\u03b8w\u00b7ana]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>w<\/strong><\/td><td>[w]<\/td><td>Kwale [kwale]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>y<\/strong><\/td><td>[j]<\/td><td>Kerugoya [kerug\u00b7oja]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Suahiili nimede h\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Isikunimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suahiili keele k\u00f5nelejad on p\u00e4rit eri kultuuridest ja seet\u00f5ttu \u00fchist isikunimemalli ei ole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Keenias<\/em><\/strong> on kasutusel j\u00e4rgmised mallid:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>eesnimi + perekonnanimi<\/strong> (eurooplased jt);<\/li><li><strong>eesnimi (-nimed) + [partikkel] + isanimi<\/strong> (somaalid jt; partikkel on nt <em>bin<\/em> &#8216;poeg&#8217;, <em>bint<\/em> v\u00f5i <em>binti<\/em> &#8216;t\u00fctar&#8217;), nt <code>Salat bin Maalim Gure<\/code>, <code>Zubeida binti Ali Gumbis<\/code>;<\/li><li><strong>eesnimi (l\u00e4\u00e4nelik) + eesnimi (kohalik) + [partikkel] + isanimi + perekonnanimi<\/strong> (bantu rahvad suahiilid, kikujud jt, nimede j\u00e4rjekord v\u00f5ib vahelduda ja m\u00f5ni nimeosis puududa; partikkel on nt <em>wa<\/em> &#8216;(kellegi) poeg v\u00f5i t\u00fctar&#8217;), nt <code>James Musau Munyao Mula<\/code>, <code>Juma Wa-Amboye<\/code>, <code>Mwangi wa Kamau<\/code>;<\/li><li><strong>eesnimi (l\u00e4\u00e4nelik) + eesnimi (kohalik) + [partikkel] + isanimi<\/strong> (Niiluse rahvad kalend\u017einid, p\u00f6koodid, luod; partikkel on nt kalend\u017eini <em>arap<\/em> &#8216;poeg&#8217;, p\u00f6koodi <em>wero<\/em> &#8216;poeg&#8217;, <em>chepo<\/em> &#8216;t\u00fctar&#8217;, luo <em>wood<\/em> &#8216;poeg&#8217;, <em>nyar<\/em> &#8216;t\u00fctar&#8217;), nt <code>Arphaxao Kipruto arap Maiyo<\/code>, <code>Joel Richard Kibet Arap-Lelei<\/code>, <code>Peter Pseret Endoo<\/code>, <code>John Ongayo Kokwaro<\/code>;<\/li><li><strong>eesnimi (-nimed) + [partikkel] + isanimi<\/strong> (Bajuni r\u00fchm, st islamiusulised suahiilid, amud), nt <code>Asha binti Bakari Mwalimu<\/code>, <code>Bakari bin Mwalimu bin Bakari<\/code>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Tansaanias<\/em><\/strong> on kasutusel j\u00e4rgmised mallid:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>eesnimi (-nimed) + perekonnanimi<\/strong> (l\u00e4\u00e4nelik mall, eesnimi v\u00f5ib olla l\u00e4\u00e4ne, islami v\u00f5i traditsioonilist p\u00e4ritolu; perekonnanimi v\u00f5ib tuleneda h\u00f5imunimetusest v\u00f5i olla l\u00e4\u00e4nelik, sh sisaldada eesnime; vormiliselt v\u00f5ib perekonnanimi olla \u00fches\u00f5naline, sisaldada h\u00f5imup\u00e4ritoluga eesliidet, nt maasai <em>Ole<\/em>, bantu <em>Mwa, Se, Ko; Che<\/em>; v\u00f5ib ka olla kahes\u00f5naline, sisaldades kas abielunaise neiup\u00f5lvenime ja sellega sidekriipsu abil \u00fchendatud mehe perekonnanime, v\u00f5i olla muu sidekriipsuga \u00fchendatud nimi), nt <code>Cuthbert Kashingo Omari<\/code>, <code>Solomon Ole Saibul<\/code>, <code>Erasto Mang'enya<\/code>, <code>Kaluta Amri Abedi<\/code>, <code>Eva Pendaeli Sarakikya<\/code>;<\/li><li><strong>eesnimi + [partikkel] + isa eesnimi + [partikkel] + vanaisa eesnimi + [p\u00e4ritolu n\u00e4itav nimi]<\/strong> (traditsiooniline islamimall; p\u00e4ritolu n\u00e4itav nimi ehk araabia <em>nisbah<\/em> on kasutusest taandumas), nt <code>Hemed bini Abdullah bini Said El Buhri<\/code>, <code>Shaaban Robert<\/code>, <code>Mussa Rashidi Mussa<\/code>;<\/li><li><strong>ainunimi<\/strong> (traditsiooniline h\u00f5imu isikunimemall, v\u00f5ib olla mitmes\u00f5naline, sidekriipsuline jms): <code>Mutengela Kadendula<\/code>, <code>Kiziku wa Maziku<\/code>, <code>Ngwana Nkila O-Nyumba<\/code>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nime ees v\u00f5ib paikneda tiitel, nagu Sheikh, Kadhi (kohtunik), Mtemi (h\u00f5imupealik), Mwalimu (\u00f5petaja) jne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Valik levinumaid suahiili nimesid: mehenimed Omari, Jabari, Yazeed ~ Yazid, Simba, Faraji, Sadiki, Zuberi, Baraka ~ Barak ~ Barack, Sahel, naisenimed Zuri, Nia, Lela, Nyah, Lulu, Safia, Avana, Jina, m\u00f5lemasoolised Amani, Shani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kohanimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ekson\u00fc\u00fcmid, mis k\u00e4ivad suahiili ametikeelega riikide kohta (sulgudes suahiili v\u00f5i *inglise nimi):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>mitme riigi alal <code>Niilus<\/code> (j\u00f5gi, <em>Mto Naili<\/em>), <code>Njassa j\u00e4rv<\/code> ehk <code>Malawi j\u00e4rv<\/code> (<em>Ziwa Nyasa<\/em>), <code>Tanganjika j\u00e4rv<\/code> (<em>Ziwa Tanganyika<\/em>);<\/li><li>Keenias <code>Keenia<\/code> (m\u00e4gi, <em>Mlima ya Kenya<\/em>), <code>Keenia<\/code> (riik, <em>Kenya<\/em>);<\/li><li>Tansaanias <code>L\u00f5una-Sansibar<\/code> (piirkond, <em>Kusini Unguja<\/em>), <code>L\u00e4\u00e4ne-Sansibar<\/code> (piirkond, <em>Mjini Magharibi<\/em>), <code>P\u00f5hja-Sansibar<\/code> (piirkond, <em>Kaskazini Unguja<\/em>), <code>Sansibar<\/code> (<em>Unguja<\/em>), <code>Tanganjika<\/code> (<em>Tanganyika<\/em>), <code>Tansaania<\/code> (<em>Tanzania<\/em>);<\/li><li>Ugandas <code>Idapiirkond<\/code> (*<em>Eastern<\/em>), <code>Keskpiirkond<\/code> (*<em>Central<\/em>), <code>L\u00e4\u00e4nepiirkond<\/code> (*<em>Western<\/em>), <code>P\u00f5hjapiirkond<\/code> (*<em>Northern<\/em>).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.ifla.org\/files\/assets\/cataloguing\/pubs\/names-of-persons_1996.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Names of persons: national usages for entry in catalogues<\/a>. \u2013 4th revised and enlarged edition. M\u00fcnchen: K. G. Saur 1996 (pp. 123\u2013127 Kenya)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifla.org\/g\/cataloguing\/names-of-persons\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Names of Persons<\/a> \u2013 Tanzania (1976). International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (<em>vaadatud 16.11.2021<\/em>).<\/li><li>Peeter P\u00e4ll, Maailma kohanimed. Tallinn 1999, lk 615.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.omniglot.com\/writing\/swahili.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Swahili alphabet, pronunciation and language<\/a>. \u2013 Omniglot.com (<em>vaadatud 16.11.2021<\/em>).<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kirjutus ja h\u00e4\u00e4ldus, isikunimed ja kohanimed (Keenia, Kongo DV, Rwanda, Tansaania, Uganda).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[751],"tags":[577,587,915,919,717,918,914,916,917,924,819],"class_list":["post-7078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eri-keelte-nimede-juhiseid","tag-haaldus","tag-isikunimi","tag-keenia","tag-kongo-dv","tag-nimekirjutus","tag-rwanda","tag-suahiili-keel","tag-tansaania","tag-uganda","tag-ulevaatekaart","tag-valiskohanimi"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7078"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10977,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078\/revisions\/10977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}