{"id":7110,"date":"2021-11-19T23:38:27","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T21:38:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/193.40.33.167\/teatmik\/?p=7110"},"modified":"2026-09-07T08:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T05:29:24","slug":"khmeeri-nimed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/khmeeri-nimed\/","title":{"rendered":"Khmeeri nimed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Austroaasia moni-khmeeri keelkonna idar\u00fchma kuuluv khmeeri keel (\u1797\u17b6\u179f\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a ph\u00e9asa Khm\u00ear<\/em>) on Kambod\u017ea ametikeel, seda r\u00e4\u00e4gitakse ka Kirde-Tai l\u00f5unaosas (p\u00f5hjakhmeeri), samuti L\u00f5una-Vietnamis (l\u00f5unakhmeeri).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirjutus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khmeeri keel kasutab oma kirja, mis on t\u00fc\u00fcbilt silpkiri. Silpkirja \u00fcks m\u00e4rk vastab tavaliselt silbile, milles on kaash\u00e4\u00e4lik + t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik, nt \u1780 k\u00e2<\/em>. Khmeeri kirjas jagunevad kaash\u00e4\u00e4likud kahte sarja, \u00e2<\/em>– ja \u00f4<\/em>-sari, ja sellest s\u00f5ltub t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute h\u00e4\u00e4ldus, nt \u00e2<\/em>-sarjas on niisugused silbid: \u1780 k\u00e2<\/em>, \u1780\u17b6 ka<\/em>, \u1780\u17b7 k\u0115<\/em>, \u1780\u17b8 kei<\/em>, \u1780\u17b9 k\u0153\u0306<\/em>, \u1780\u17ba k\u0153<\/em>, \u1780\u17bb k\u014f<\/em>, \u1780\u17bc ko<\/em>, \u1780\u17bd ku\u014f<\/em>, \u1780\u17be kaeu<\/em>, \u1780\u17bf k\u0153\u0103<\/em>, \u1780\u17c0 ki\u0115<\/em>, \u1780\u17c1 k\u00e9<\/em>, \u1780\u17c2 k\u00ea<\/em>, \u1780\u17c3 kai<\/em>, \u1780\u17c4 ka\u00f4<\/em>, \u1780\u17c5 kau<\/em>. M\u00f5nev\u00f5rra erinevad t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likud \u00f4<\/em>-sarjas: \u1782 k\u00f4<\/em>, \u1782\u17b6 k\u00e9a<\/em>, \u1782\u17b7 k\u012d<\/em>, \u1782\u17b8 ki<\/em>, \u1782\u17b9 k\u0153\u0306<\/em>, \u1782\u17ba k\u0153<\/em>, \u1782\u17bb k\u016d<\/em>, \u1782\u17bc ku<\/em>, \u1782\u17bd ku\u014f<\/em>, \u1782\u17be keu<\/em>, \u1782\u17bf k\u0153\u0103<\/em>, \u1782\u17c0 ki\u0115<\/em>, \u1782\u17c1 k\u00e9<\/em>, \u1782\u17c2 k\u00ea<\/em>, \u1782\u17c3 key<\/em>, \u1782\u17c4 ko\u016d<\/em>, \u1782\u17c5 k\u014fu<\/em>. Khmeeri kirja p\u00f5hisilbid (looksulgudes ladina vasted):<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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\u1780 {k\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1781 {kh\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1782 {k\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1783 {kh\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1784 {ng\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1785 {ch\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1786 {chh\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1787 {ch\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1788 {chh\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1789 {nh\u00f4}<\/code>, \u178a {d\u00e2}<\/code>, \u178b {th\u00e2}<\/code>, \u178c {d\u00f4}<\/code>, \u178d {th\u00f4}<\/code>, \u178e {n\u00e2}<\/code>, \u178f {t\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1790 {th\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1791 {t\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1792 {th\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1793 {n\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1794 {b\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1795 {ph\u00e2}<\/code>, \u1796 {p\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1797 {ph\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1798 {m\u00f4}<\/code>, \u1799 {y\u00f4}<\/code>, \u179a {r\u00f4}<\/code>, \u179b {l\u00f4}<\/code>, \u179c {v\u00f4}<\/code>, \u179f {s\u00e2}<\/code>, \u17a0 {h\u00e2}<\/code>, \u17a1 {l\u00e2}<\/code>, \u17a2 {\u2019\u00e2}<\/code>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Khmeeri nimede ladina kirjas kirjutamiseks on kasutusel mitu s\u00fcsteemi. 1959. a Service G\u00e9ographique Khm\u00e8re’i s\u00fcsteemi v\u00f5tsid \u00fcle ja t\u00e4iendasid seda USA ja Briti kohanimekomiteed. Viimaste s\u00fcsteemi (BGN\/PCGN 1972<\/a>) kiitis 1972. a heaks \u00dcRO kohanimekorralduskonverents. Kambod\u017eas endas ei ole seda s\u00fcsteemi j\u00e4rjekindlalt rakendatud, 1995\u20131997 arendati v\u00e4lja uus, ilma diakriitikuteta s\u00fcsteem, mis on praegune faktiline omaladina. Senisest \u00dcRO s\u00fcsteemist erineb ta p\u00f5hiliselt diakriitikute puudumise poolest.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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Eesti tekstis kirjutatakse khmeeri nimed ladina kirja \u00fcmber \u00dcRO heakskiidetud tabeli<\/a> alusel, mille on 1996. a heaks kiitnud ka Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond. Vt ka praktilisi lihtsustusi allpool.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n

Kambod\u017eas on ka olemas prantsuskeelsete nimede kiht, vt n\u00e4iteid kohanimede osas allpool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praktilised lihtsustused<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kuiv\u00f5rd paljudes allikates kasutatakse t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval Kambod\u017ea nimesid ilma diakriitiliste m\u00e4rkideta, siis on m\u00f6\u00f6ndav ka eesti tekstides need \u00e4ra j\u00e4tta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/h2>\n\n\n\r\n
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L\u00fchidalt<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n

R\u00f5hk on khmeeri nimedes alati l\u00f5ppsilbil. Latinisatsioon ei erista alati t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4likute pikkust, kuid enamasti on r\u00f5huta silbis l\u00fchike, r\u00f5hulises silbis pikk t\u00e4ish\u00e4\u00e4lik. Rohkem infot h\u00e4\u00e4ldusn\u00fcansside kohta pakub khmeeri-ladina t\u00e4hetabel<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n

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Pikemalt<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n
T\u00e4hed<\/th>H\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/th>N\u00e4ited<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
a<\/strong><\/td>[a(a)]<\/td>A Ch\u00e9n [aa tjeen], \u00c2ndas [and\u00b7aah]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>[a], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0252]<\/td>\u00c1ng Cheung [a\u014b tj\u00f6\u00f6\u014b], B\u00e1t Trach [bat traat’]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00e2<\/strong><\/td>[a(a)], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0252(\u02d0)]<\/td>\u00c2k N\u00e9ak [ak neak], B\u00e2v\u00e9l [bav\u00b7eel]<\/td><\/tr>
\u0103<\/strong><\/td>[a]<\/td>\u00c2ngk Ta \u0102m [a\u014b taa am], \u0102t Su [at suu]<\/td><\/tr>
aeu<\/strong><\/td>[a\u00f5], IPA<\/kbd> [a\u0259]<\/td>\u00c2ngk Khlaeu [a\u014b khla\u00f5], V\u00e9al \u00c2ndaeuk [veal and\u00b7a\u00f5k]<\/td><\/tr>
ch<\/strong><\/td>[tj] ~ [t’]<\/td>\u00c2ngk\u00f4r Chey [a\u014bk\u00b7oo(r) tjei], \u00c2ngk Kdu\u014fch [a\u014bk kdu\u0259t’]<\/td><\/tr>
chh<\/strong><\/td>[t\u0161h]<\/td>Chhuk [t\u0161huuk], K\u00e2mp\u00f3ng Chhn\u0103ng [kamp\u00b7o\u014b t\u0161hna\u014b]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>[e(e)]<\/td>\u00c2ns\u00e2m Ch\u00e9k [ans\u00b7am tjeek], Ko\u016dk Pr\u00e9ch [kouk pret’]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00ea<\/strong><\/td>[ae] v\u00f5i [\u00e4\u00e4], IPA<\/kbd> [ae] v\u00f5i [\u025b\u02d0]<\/td>\u00c2ngk K\u00eav [a\u014bk kaev], B\u00e2r V\u00eang [baa(r) v\u00e4\u00e4\u014b]<\/td><\/tr>
\u0115<\/strong><\/td>[e]<\/td>B\u0103k Ch\u0115nhchi\u0115n [bak tjen’tj\u00b7i\u0259n], B\u00e2nla S’\u0115t [banl\u00b7aa s’et]<\/td><\/tr>
e\u0103<\/strong><\/td>[\u00e4a], IPA<\/kbd> [\u025b\u0259]<\/td>\u00c2ngk Re\u0103ng [a\u014b r\u00e4a\u014b], Phte\u0103h Sr\u00ea [pht\u00e4ah srae]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00e9a<\/strong><\/td>[ea], IPA<\/kbd> [e\u0259]<\/td>\u00c2ntr\u00e9ak [antr\u00b7eak], Si\u0115m R\u00e9ab [si\u0259m reap]<\/td><\/tr>
eu<\/strong><\/td>[\u00f6\u00f6]<\/td>\u00c2nl\u00f3ng Kr\u00e2peu [anl\u00b7o\u014b krap\u00b7\u00f6\u00f6]<\/td><\/tr>
i<\/strong><\/td>[ii]<\/td>\u00c2nl\u00f3ng K\u00f4kir [anl\u00b7o\u014b kok\u00b7ii(r)]. Phte\u0103h Pring [pht\u00e4ah prii\u014b]<\/td><\/tr>
\u012d<\/strong><\/td>[i]<\/td>\u00c2mp\u012dl [amp\u00b7il], M\u00e9an R\u012dtth [mean rit]<\/td><\/tr>
ng<\/strong><\/td>[\u014b]<\/td>\u00c2ng [a\u014b], Ngeu Thum [\u014b\u00f6\u00f6 thum]<\/td><\/tr>
nh<\/strong><\/td>[nj] ~ [n’]<\/td>\u00c2ngk\u0103nh [a\u014bk\u00b7an’], Nhang [njaa\u014b]<\/td><\/tr>
o<\/strong><\/td>[o(o)]<\/td>\u00c2ndong [and\u00b7oo\u014b], B\u00e2nt\u00e9ay Toch [bant\u00b7eai toot’]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00f3<\/strong><\/td>[o], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0254]<\/td>\u00c2mph\u00f3l [amph\u00b7ol]<\/td><\/tr>
\u00f4<\/strong><\/td>[o(o)], IPA<\/kbd> [\u0254(\u02d0)]<\/td>B\u00e2nt\u00e9ay R\u00f4ka [bant\u00b7eai rok\u00b7aa]<\/td><\/tr>
\u014f<\/strong><\/td>[o]<\/td>B\u00e2r Kn\u014fng [baa(r) kno\u014b], \u00c2ngk\u00f4r B\u014frei [a\u014bk\u00b7oo(r) bor\u00b7ei]<\/td><\/tr>
\u0153<\/strong><\/td>[\u00f6\u00f6] v\u00f5i [\u00f5\u00f5]<\/td>\u00c2mb\u0153s [amb\u00b7\u00f6\u00f6h], K\u00e2mp\u00f3ng Sp\u0153 [kamp\u00b7o\u014b sp\u00f5\u00f5]<\/td><\/tr>
\u0153\u0306<\/strong><\/td>[\u00f6] v\u00f5i [\u00f5]<\/td>\u00c2mp\u012dl T\u0153\u0306k [amp\u00b7il t\u00f5k], \u00c2ndong Kr\u00e2l\u0153\u0306ng [and\u00b7oo\u014b kral\u00b7\u00f6\u014b]<\/td><\/tr>
r<\/strong><\/td>ei h\u00e4\u00e4ldu s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus1<\/sup><\/td>\u00c2ngk\u00f4r [angk\u00b7oo(r)], K\u00f4kir [kok\u00b7ii(r)]<\/td><\/tr>
s<\/strong><\/td>[h] s\u00f5na l\u00f5pus<\/td>Prey K\u00e2bbas [prei kabb\u00b7aah]<\/td><\/tr>
u<\/strong><\/td>[u(u)]<\/td>\u00c2mp\u012dl Chhung [amp\u00b7il t\u0161huu\u014b], \u00c2mp\u012dl Thum [amp\u00b7il thum]<\/td><\/tr>
\u016d<\/strong><\/td>[u]<\/td>\u00c2mp\u016dk [amp\u00b7uk], \u00c2ngk\u00f4r Ch\u016dm [a\u014bk\u00b7oo(r) tjum]<\/td><\/tr>
y<\/strong><\/td>[j] ~ [i]<\/td>B\u00e2r Yakha [baa(r) jaakh\u00b7aa], Bath\u00e9ay [baath\u00b7eai]<\/td><\/tr>
\u2019<\/strong><\/td>k\u00f5risulg, IPA<\/kbd> [\u0294]<\/td>S’ang [s\u0294aa\u014b]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Khmeeri nimede h\u00e4\u00e4ldus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n