{"id":8988,"date":"2022-03-31T16:54:55","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T13:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/193.40.33.167\/teatmik\/?p=8988"},"modified":"2023-01-27T18:20:30","modified_gmt":"2023-01-27T16:20:30","slug":"sulandsonad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/sulandsonad\/","title":{"rendered":"Sulands\u00f5nad"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div id=\"luhidalt-block_cd8de05c709818cf49eaca6a1fd6e491\" class=\"luhidalt\">\r\n   <h4>L\u00fchidalt<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uusi s\u00f5nu saab luua teiste s\u00f5nade osadest. Selliseid sulands\u00f5nu on tehtud eesti s\u00f5nadest, nt <code>rula<\/code> &lt;&nbsp; <strong>ru<\/strong>ll-<strong>la<\/strong>ud, <code>kapo<\/code> &lt; <strong>ka<\/strong>itse<strong>po<\/strong>litsei, ning laenatud teistest keeltest, nt <code>kolhoos<\/code> &lt; vn <em>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0445\u043e\u0437<\/em> (<strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b<\/strong>\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 <strong>\u0445\u043e\u0437<\/strong>\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e &#8216;\u00fchismajand&#8217;), <code>h\u00e4katon<\/code> &lt; ingl <em>hackathon<\/em> (<strong>hack<\/strong>ing mar<strong>athon<\/strong> &#8216;programmeerimismaraton&#8217;).<\/p>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"pikemalt-block_8c7fb4dcc8cb8f9b9476c9318f5ba125\" class=\"pikemalt\">\r\n\r\n   <h4>Pikemalt<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dclesehitus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sulandid ehk sulands\u00f5nad on liits\u00f5na, s\u00f5na\u00fchendi v\u00f5i paariss\u00f5na osadest loodud tehiss\u00f5nad: <code>rula<\/code> &lt; <strong>ru<\/strong>ll-<strong>la<\/strong>ud, <code>vampel<\/code> &lt; <strong>va<\/strong>arikpa<strong>mpel<\/strong> (vaarika ja pampli ristand), <code>vasa<\/code> &lt; <strong>va<\/strong>stuv\u00f5tja-<strong>sa<\/strong>atja, <code>sudu<\/code> &lt; <strong>su<\/strong>its ja u<strong>du<\/strong>, <code>selmet<\/code> &lt; <strong>sel<\/strong>le ase<strong>m<\/strong>el <strong>et<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sulandamiseks on v\u00f5imalik v\u00f5tta kummagi s\u00f5na algus (<em>rula<\/em>, <em>vasa<\/em>) v\u00f5i \u00fche s\u00f5na algus ja teise l\u00f5pp (<em>vampel<\/em>, <em>sudu<\/em>). Esimest t\u00fc\u00fcpi on nimetatud ka silpl\u00fchendiks v\u00f5i silpl\u00fchendiseks, teist kohver- ehk sumadans\u00f5naks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e4ritolu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Algup\u00e4raseid sulands\u00f5nu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>rula<\/code>, <code>kapo<\/code>, <code>vampel<\/code>, <code>vasa<\/code>, <code>selmet<\/code>, <code>mupo<\/code> &lt; <strong>mu<\/strong>nitsipaal<strong>po<\/strong>litsei, <code>kripo<\/code> &lt; <strong>kri<\/strong>minaal<strong>po<\/strong>litsei, <code>kulka<\/code> &lt; <strong>kul<\/strong>tuur<strong>ka<\/strong>pital, <code>s\u00f5stik<\/code> \u2019karuss\u00f5star\u2019 &lt; <strong>s\u00f5s<\/strong>tar + <strong>tik<\/strong>ker, <code>t\u00e4rk<\/code> &lt; <strong>t\u00e4<\/strong>he-numbrim\u00e4<strong>rk<\/strong>, <code>auvis<\/code> &lt; <strong>au<\/strong>dio<strong>vis<\/strong>uaalvahend, <code>\u00f5ved<\/code>, <code>\u00f5nnaksed<\/code> &lt; <strong>\u00f5<\/strong>ed-<strong>ve<\/strong>nna<strong>d<\/strong>, <strong>\u00f5<\/strong>ed ja ve<strong>nnaksed<\/strong>, <code>tuugen<\/code> &lt; <strong>tuu<\/strong>le<strong>gen<\/strong>eraator, elektrituulik, <code>makra<\/code> &lt; <strong>ma<\/strong>tkitud <strong>kra<\/strong>bi (krabimaitseline kalatoode), <code>masu<\/code> &lt; <strong>ma<\/strong>jandus<strong>su<\/strong>rutis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Laenatud sulands\u00f5nu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>inglise keelest<\/strong> <code>h\u00e4katon<\/code>, <code>brant\u0161<\/code> &lt; <em>brunch<\/em> (<strong>br<\/strong>eakfast + l<strong>unch<\/strong> &#8216;hommiku- ja l\u00f5unas\u00f6\u00f6k&#8217;), <code>motell<\/code> &lt; <em>motel<\/em> (<strong>mo<\/strong>tor + ho<strong>tel<\/strong> &#8216;auto + hotell&#8217;), <code>vebinar<\/code> ~ <code>veebinar<\/code> (<em>webinar<\/em> &lt; <strong>web<\/strong>-based sem<strong>inar<\/strong> &#8216;veebiseminar&#8217;), <code>mokteil<\/code> (<em>mocktail<\/em> &lt; <strong>mock<\/strong> cock<strong>tail<\/strong> &#8216;petukokteil, alkoholita kokteil&#8217;), <code>napalm<\/code> (<em>napalm<\/em> &lt; <strong>na<\/strong>phthenic and <strong>palm<\/strong>itic acid &#8216;naftenaat ja palmitiinhape&#8217;), <code>k\u00fcborg<\/code> (<em>cyborg<\/em> &lt; <strong>cyb<\/strong>ernetic <strong>org<\/strong>anism &#8216;k\u00fcberorganism, ulmeline masininimene&#8217;), <code>modem<\/code> (modem &lt; <strong>mo<\/strong>dulator-<strong>dem<\/strong>odulator &#8216;modulaator-demodulaator&#8217;), <code>emotikon<\/code> (emoticon &lt; <strong>emot<\/strong>ion + <strong>icon<\/strong> &#8216;emotsioonipiltm\u00e4rk, tujukuju&#8217;), <code>piksel<\/code> (<em>pixel<\/em> &lt; <strong>pix<\/strong> ~ <strong>pic<\/strong>ture <strong>el<\/strong>ement &#8216;pildielement, pildipunkt&#8217;), <code>netikett<\/code> (<em>netiquette<\/em> &lt; Inter<strong>net<\/strong> ~ <strong>net<\/strong>work et<strong>iquette<\/strong> &#8217;internetietikett&#8217;), <code>\u0161okohoolik<\/code> (<em>chocoholic<\/em> &lt; <strong>choco<\/strong>late + alc<strong>oholic<\/strong> &#8216;\u0161okolaadis\u00f5ltlane&#8217;), <code>sp\u00e4mm<\/code> <em>&lt;<\/em> <em>spam<\/em>, aluseks v\u00e4idetavalt Monty Pythoni sket\u0161is korrutatud tootenimi Spam &lt; <strong>sp<\/strong>iced h<strong>am<\/strong> (teatud lihakonserv);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>vene keelest<\/strong> <code>kolhoos<\/code>, <code>sovhoos<\/code> &lt; <em>\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0437<\/em> (<strong>\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/strong>\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e &#8216;n\u00f5ukogude majand&#8217;), <code>komsomol<\/code> &lt; <em>\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b<\/em> (<strong>\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/strong>\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <strong>\u0441\u043e<\/strong>\u044e\u0437 <strong>\u043c\u043e\u043b<\/strong>\u043e\u0434\u0451\u0436\u0438 &#8216;kommunistlik noorsoo\u00fching&#8217;), <code>partorg<\/code> &lt; <em>\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433<\/em> (<strong>\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442<\/strong>\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 <strong>\u043e\u0440\u0433<\/strong>\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 &#8216;parteiorganisaator&#8217;), <code>ra\u0161ism<\/code> &lt; <em>\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/em> (<strong>\u0440<\/strong>\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444<strong>\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong>, &#8216;Vene fa\u0161ism, XXI sajandi alguse Venemaa agressiivne ideoloogia&#8217;);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>rootsi keelest<\/strong> vahenduskeelte kaudu <code>mopeed<\/code> (<em>moped<\/em> &lt; <strong>mo<\/strong>torveloci<strong>ped<\/strong> ~ trampcykel med <strong>mo<\/strong>tor och <strong>ped<\/strong>aler &#8216;mootorjalgratas&#8217;);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>soome keelest<\/strong> <code>some<\/code> (<em>some<\/em> &lt; <strong>so<\/strong>siaalinen <strong>me<\/strong>dia ~ <strong>so<\/strong>siaali<strong>me<\/strong>dia &#8216;sotsiaalmeedia&#8217;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00f5lkelaene<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f5lkelaen on harilikult liits\u00f5na v\u00f5i s\u00f5na\u00fchend, mis on teisest keelest s\u00f5na-s\u00f5nalt t\u00f5lgitud ning mille t\u00e4hendus on \u00fcle v\u00f5etud. Sama meetodiga on saadud m\u00f5ni sulands\u00f5na: <code>sudu<\/code> &#8216;<strong>su<\/strong>its ja u<strong>du<\/strong>&#8216;, eeskujuks inglise <em>smog<\/em> &lt; <strong>sm<\/strong>oke + f<strong>og<\/strong>, <code>luhvel<\/code> &#8216;<strong>lu<\/strong>sikas ja ka<strong>hvel<\/strong> \u00fche s\u00f6\u00f6giriistana&#8217;, eeskujuks inglise <em>spork<\/em> &lt; <strong>sp<\/strong>oon + f<strong>ork<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kui eesti v\u00f5\u00f5rs\u00f5nades ja v\u00f5\u00f5rkeele s\u00f5nades langevad t\u00e4hed kokku, on raske kindlalt m\u00e4\u00e4rata, kas suland on laenatud tervikuna v\u00f5i moodustatud t\u00f5lkelaenuna (<em>veebinar<\/em>, <em>napalm<\/em>, <em>k\u00fcborg<\/em>, <em>modem<\/em>, <em>netikett<\/em>, <em>\u0161okohoolik<\/em>, <em>partorg<\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/eki.ee\/teatmik\/laste-sonavoistlus-2019\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">some<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sulandnimed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sulandnimesid on samuti loodud nii Eestis kui ka mujal. Sulandnimede aluseks v\u00f5ivad olla <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>nimed<\/strong>: <code>Tansaania<\/code> &lt; Tanzania &lt; <strong>Tan<\/strong>ganyika + <strong>Zan<\/strong>zibar, <code>Brangelina<\/code> &lt; <strong>Bra<\/strong>d Pitt + <strong>Angelina<\/strong> Jolie, <code>Vilen<\/code> &lt; <strong>V<\/strong>ladimir <strong>I<\/strong>ljit\u0161 <strong>Len<\/strong>in; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>s\u00f5nad<\/strong>: <code>Muba<\/code> &lt; Tallinna <strong>mu<\/strong>usika- ja <strong>ba<\/strong>lletikool, <code>Kumu<\/code> &lt; <strong>ku<\/strong>nsti<strong>mu<\/strong>useum, <code>Kuku klubi<\/code> &lt; <strong>ku<\/strong>jutavate <strong>ku<\/strong>nstide klubi, <code>Instagram<\/code> &lt; <strong>insta<\/strong>nt camera + tele<strong>gram<\/strong>, <code>Glavlit <\/code>&lt; \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0442 &lt; <strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432<\/strong>\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c <strong>\u043b\u0438\u0442<\/strong>\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432 &#8216;kirjanduse ja kirjastuste peavalitsus&#8217; (N\u00f5ukogude tsensuuriorgan);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>nime v\u00f5i nimetuletise ja s\u00f5na(de) \u00fchend<\/strong>: <code>Estr\u00f5bprom<\/code> (&lt; \u042d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0431\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c, <strong>\u042d\u0441\u0442<\/strong>\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <strong>\u0440\u044b\u0431<\/strong>\u043d\u043e\u0439 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/strong>\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &#8216;Eesti kalat\u00f6\u00f6stuse tootmiskoondis&#8217; (1976\u20131991), <code>Taltech<\/code> &lt; <strong>Tal<\/strong>linn + <em><strong>tech<\/strong>nology<\/em> &#8216;Tallinna tehnika\u00fclikool&#8217;, <code>Brexit<\/code> &lt; <strong>Br<\/strong>itish <strong>exit<\/strong> &#8216;Suurbritannia v\u00e4ljaastumine&#8217;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sulandnimesid on reeglikohane kirjutada esisuurt\u00e4hega nagu muidki nimesid, osiste algust n\u00e4itamata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kirjandus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mati Erelt, Tiiu Erelt, Kristiina Ross, <a href=\"https:\/\/eki.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/eestikeelekasiraamat_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Eesti keele k\u00e4siraamat<\/a>. Uuendatud v\u00e4ljaanne. Eesti Keele Instituut. Tallinn: EKSA, 2020, lk 544\u2013545.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tiiu Erelt, <a href=\"http:\/\/dspace.ut.ee\/bitstream\/handle\/10062\/24279\/9789949117239.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Termini\u00f5petus<\/a>. Tartu \u00dclikool. Tartu: Tartu \u00dclikooli kirjastus, 2007, lk 205\u2013207.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tiina Leemets, <a href=\"http:\/\/keeleabi.eki.ee\/pdf\/ks6_156.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Masust P\u00f5xitini<\/a>. \u2013 Keelen\u00f5uanne soovitab 6. Koostanud ja toimetanud Maire Raadik. Eesti Keele Instituut. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2020, lk 156\u2013158.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Silvi Vare, <a href=\"https:\/\/keeljakirjandus.ee\/ee\/archives\/24902\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">L\u00fchendamise ja l\u00fchends\u00f5nade fenomenist eesti keeles<\/a>. \u2013 Keel ja Kirjandus 5, 2014, lk 354.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teiste s\u00f5nade osadest tehtud uued s\u00f5nad, nt <code>rula<\/code> (&lt;\u00a0 rull-laud), <code>kapo<\/code> (&lt; kaitsepolitsei), laenud <code>kolhoos<\/code> (&lt; vn <em>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0445\u043e\u0437<\/em>), <code>h\u00e4katon<\/code> (&lt; ingl <em>hackathon<\/em>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[998],"tags":[800,807],"class_list":["post-8988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sonamoodustus","tag-tehissona","tag-uudissona"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8988"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22390,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988\/revisions\/22390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/teatmik.eki.ee\/teatmik\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}